<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131n\u0131n (UNDP) 1989’da BM Genel Kuruluna sundu\u011fu \u00f6nerinin kabul edilmesiyle her y\u0131l 11 Temmuz “D\u00fcnya N\u00fcfus G\u00fcn\u00fc” olarak kutlan\u0131yor ve n\u00fcfus konusunda belirlenen temalara ili\u015fkin fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
AA muhabiri, ABD Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u0130statistikleri Merkezi (NCHS), Fransa Ulusal \u0130statistik ve Ekonomik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (INSEE) ve Demografik Et\u00fctler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (INED), \u0130ngiltere Ulusal \u0130statistik Ofisi (ONS), G\u00fcney Kore \u0130statistik Kurumu (SK), \u00c7in Ulusal \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu (U\u0130B) ve T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumunun (T\u00dc\u0130K) \u00e7o\u011ful gebeli\u011fe dair verilerini derledi.<\/p>\n
Anne karn\u0131ndaki bebek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iki veya daha fazla olmas\u0131 durumuna \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik deniliyor.<\/p>\n
Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, halk aras\u0131nda “t\u00fcp bebek” olarak da bilinen IVF (in-vitro fertilizasyon) ve IVF benzeri \u00fcreme tedavilerinde aksakl\u0131klar ya\u015fand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, Kovid-19 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 da sosyal hayat\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ekonomik etkinlikleri de sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Salg\u0131n sonras\u0131nda, tedavilerdeki aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n giderilmesi ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla ABD, Fransa, G\u00fcney Kore, \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7o\u011ful gebelikte art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlenirken \u0130ngiltere’de azald\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere’deki Oxford \u00dcniversitesi’nin “Human Reproduction” adl\u0131 dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, 165 \u00fclkeden 2010-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki ikiz gebelik oranlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler topland\u0131.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu veriler, 1980 ila 1985 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki verilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, 1980’lerden sonra d\u00fcnya genelinde ikiz do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n 3’te 1 oran\u0131nda artarak 1000 do\u011fumda 9,1’den 12’ye y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Asya’da y\u00fczde 32, Kuzey Amerika’da ise y\u00fczde 71’lik bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu belirtilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, d\u00fcnyada art\u0131k her 42 do\u011fumdan birinin ikiz oldu\u011fu kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ba\u015fyazar\u0131 ve Oxford \u00dcniversitesi’nde g\u00f6revli Profes\u00f6r Christiaan Monden art\u0131\u015flarla ilgili, “Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f esas olarak \u00fcreme tedavilerini kullanan kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015ftan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
ABD Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezlerine (CDC) ba\u011fl\u0131 Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u0130statistikleri Kurumu (NCHS) taraf\u0131ndan Ocak 2023’te yay\u0131mlanan raporda, \u00fclkede 2021’deki \u00e7o\u011ful gebeliklere yer verildi.<\/p>\n
2020’ye oranla 2021’de 1782 daha fazla \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilen raporda, 2021’deki \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fumlardan 114 bin 161’inin ikiz, 2 bin 933’\u00fcn\u00fcn de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcz veya daha fazla bebekli do\u011fum oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Raporda, 2021 itibar\u0131yla \u00fclkedeki ikiz do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n binde 31,2’ye, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcz veya daha fazla bebekli do\u011fumlarda ise oran\u0131n y\u00fcz binde 80’e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fi kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
\u0130kiz do\u011fum oranlar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu eyaletlerin Connecticut ve Michigan oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131lan raporda, 30 ila 34 ya\u015flar, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011ful gebeli\u011fe en yatk\u0131n oldu\u011fu ya\u015f grubu olarak g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan raporda, 2019’da ba\u015flayan Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011ful gebeliklerin azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n
Raporda, 2018’de toplam 127 bin 61 \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum oldu\u011fu belirtilirken, bu say\u0131n\u0131n 2019’da 123 bin 577’ye, 2020’de 115 bin 312’ye geriledi\u011fi ifade edildi.<\/p>\n
\u0130kiz do\u011fumlardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, tekil do\u011fumlardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc geride b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekilen raporda, tek \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fi do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 3, ikiz do\u011fum oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 7 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 aktar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar oranlardaki de\u011fi\u015fimin, salg\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcp bebek uygulamas\u0131 benzeri \u00fcreme tedavilerinde ya\u015fanan aksamalardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Fransa’daki INSEE’nin verilerine g\u00f6re, 2021’de Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) genelinde do\u011fan 4 milyon 90 bin bebekten 738 bin 594’\u00fc Fransa’da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Bu say\u0131, Fransa’da 2020’de d\u00fcnyaya gelen bebeklerin say\u0131s\u0131ndan 3 bin fazla.<\/p>\n
INED’in verilerine g\u00f6re, 2018’de toplam 12 bin 308 \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik kaynakl\u0131 do\u011fum olurken, bu say\u0131 2019’da 11 bin 628’e, 2020’de ise 10 bin 989’a geriledi. Ancak 2021’de \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum say\u0131lar\u0131 tekrar y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7erek 11 bin 34’e ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
2021’de ikiz do\u011fum say\u0131s\u0131 33 artarak 10 bin 868’e, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcz do\u011fum 10 artarak 159’a, d\u00f6rd\u00fcz do\u011fum da 4 artarak 7’ye y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere Ulusal \u0130statistik Ofisinin (ONS) raporuna g\u00f6re, \u00e7o\u011ful gebelikler \u0130ngiltere ve Galler’de 2018’den bu yana d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fte.<\/p>\n
2018’de toplam 20 bin 15 \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum olurken, bu say\u0131 2019’da 19 bin 312, 2020’de ise 17 bin 444’e kadar geriledi.<\/p>\n
2020’deki \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fumlar\u0131n 17 bin 113’\u00fcn\u00fc ikizler olu\u015ftururken, kalan 331 \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fumun \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcz veya daha fazla bebekli do\u011fuma denk geliyor.<\/p>\n
2021’de t\u00fcm \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fumlar\u0131n 16 bin 925’e, ikiz do\u011fumlar\u0131n da 16 bin 614’e geriledi\u011fine dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Kore, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7ocuklu \u00e7iftlere mali yard\u0131m sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve \u00e7iftleri daha fazla \u00e7ocuk yapmaya te\u015fvik etmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, hem d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 ya\u015flanan n\u00fcfuslar\u0131ndan birine hem de d\u00fcnyadaki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck do\u011fum oran\u0131na sahip.<\/p>\n
Uzmanlar\u0131n zorlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131na, artan ya\u015fam maliyetlerine, evlili\u011fe ve cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik de\u011fi\u015fen tutumlara ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck do\u011fum oran\u0131 ve ya\u015flanan n\u00fcfus, Seul h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00e7iftleri daha fazla \u00e7ocuk yapmaya te\u015fvik etti\u011fi kampanyan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan, G\u00fcney Kore’de ge\u00e7 ya\u015fta gebelik ve geli\u015fen \u00fcreme tedavilerinin sonucu olarak do\u011fan ikizlerin say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkenin \u0130statistik Kurumunun (SK) verilerine g\u00f6re, ikiz gebelikler 2018’deki do\u011fumlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 2’sini olu\u015ftururken, bu say\u0131 2019’da y\u00fczde 2,22’ye, 2020’de y\u00fczde 2,35’e ve 2021’de y\u00fczde 2,58’e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
2020’de toplam 272 bin 337 do\u011fumun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve bunlardan 6 bin 409’unu ikizlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011funa i\u015faret edilirken, ikiz gebeliklerin 2021’de 6 bin 734’e y\u00fckseldi\u011fi belirtildi.\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n
\u00c7in’de sosyal hayat\u0131 ve ekonomik etkinlikleri aksatan, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi ve n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatan Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uygulamadaki kat\u0131 tedbirlere ek olarak 1980’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan n\u00fcfus kontrol politikas\u0131, n\u00fcfusun uzun vadeli azalma e\u011filiminde belirleyici bir unsur olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n
Ailelerin yaln\u0131zca bir \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmas\u0131na izin verilen “tek \u00e7ocuk” politikas\u0131, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
2016’da \u00e7ocuk sahibi olma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, tek \u00e7ocuklu ailelerden gelen \u00e7iftler i\u00e7in 2’ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 2021’de ise t\u00fcm ailelerin 3 \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmas\u0131na izin verildi.<\/p>\n
Kat\u0131 aile planlamas\u0131yla gelen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n kalkmas\u0131yla ikiz gebelik \u00c7in vatanda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda “imrenilecek bir olgu” haline geldi.<\/p>\n
\u0130kiz \u00e7ocuk do\u011furmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcp bebek klinikleri aramaya ba\u015flayan \u00c7inli \u00e7iftlerle beraber \u00fclkedeki \u00e7o\u011ful gebelikler artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in Ulusal \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosunun (U\u0130B) verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00c7in’de 2007 ila 2021’de \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik oran\u0131 artarken, t\u00fcp bebek merkezlerindeki \u00e7o\u011ful gebelik oranlar\u0131, “tek \u00e7ocuk” politikas\u0131n\u0131n kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l olan 2016’da y\u00fczde 30’u a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Pekin’deki \u015e\u00fcanvu Hastanesi’nden kad\u0131n do\u011fum uzman\u0131 Dr. Y\u00fc Rong artan \u00e7o\u011ful gebeliklerle ilgili, “IVF gibi yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fcreme tedavilerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla son y\u0131llarda do\u011fan ikizlerin say\u0131s\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemledik.” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumunun (T\u00dc\u0130K) verilerine g\u00f6re, 2019’da do\u011fumlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 3,1’i \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum olurken, bu do\u011fumlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 96,4’\u00fcn\u00fcn ikiz, y\u00fczde 3,4’\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcz ve y\u00fczde 0,2’si d\u00f6rd\u00fcz ve daha fazla bebek oldu.<\/p>\n
2019’da y\u00fczde 3,1 olan \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum oran\u0131 2020’de y\u00fczde 2,9’a gerilerken, 2021’de tekrar y\u00fczde 3,1’e y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n
2022’deki 1 milyon 35 bin 795 do\u011fumun y\u00fczde 3,2’si \u00e7o\u011ful do\u011fum oldu.<\/p>\n