<\/p>\n
Gazetenin haberine g\u00f6re, ilk vakalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7in’in Hubey eyaletinin merkezindeki Vuhan \u015fehrindeki laboratuvarda salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde yarasalardan elde edilen koronavir\u00fcslere i\u015flev kazand\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde (WVI) yap\u0131lan s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, 2002-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015eiddetli Akut Solunum Sendromu (SARS) salg\u0131n\u0131na yol a\u00e7an koronavir\u00fcse, ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrdeki ba\u015fka bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl koronavir\u00fcslerin genetik par\u00e7alar\u0131 eklenerek hayvanlar \u00fczerinde deneyler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n
\u00c7in’in g\u00fcneyindeki bir ma\u011fara ve maden oca\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan koronavir\u00fcs numuneleriyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen s\u00f6z konusu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ABD Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn (NHI) sa\u011flanan fonlarla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor, \u00fcstelik bu fonlar, salg\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Kovid-19’un k\u00f6kenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcnce (DS\u00d6) Vuhan’a g\u00f6nderilen bilim heyetine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden \u0130ngiliz uzman Peter Daszak’\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu vak\u0131f arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcndeki i\u015flev kazand\u0131rma ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kilit nitelikteki deneysel teknikleri konusunda ABD’nin Kuzey Carolina \u00dcniversitesinden virolog Ralph Baric’in yol g\u00f6sterici rol\u00fc oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Kovid-19’un k\u00f6kenine dair y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131nda derledi\u011fi, aralar\u0131ndan gizlilik dereceli raporlar, i\u00e7 yaz\u0131\u015fmalar, ileti\u015fim kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve aktivistlerin son 3 y\u0131lda Bilgi Edinme Hakk\u0131 Yasas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda elde etti\u011fi y\u00fczlerce sayfa belgeyi inceleyen Sunday Times, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn laboratuvardan kaza sonucu \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimalini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bulgulara ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan haberde, ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alan, y\u00fckselen salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k tehditleri, biyolojik sava\u015f ve \u00c7in konular\u0131nda uzman \u00fc\u00e7 yetkiliyle yap\u0131lan r\u00f6portajlara yer verildi.<\/p>\n
ABD’li yetkililer, Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, koronavir\u00fcslere i\u015flev kazand\u0131rma deneylerini, \u00c7in ordusuna ba\u011fl\u0131 bilim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011finde, “biyolojik silah geli\u015ftirme hedefine y\u00f6nelik” gizli bir proje ile paralel y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddias\u0131n\u0131 ortaya att\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kovid-19’a yol a\u00e7an SARS-Cov-2 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kendili\u011finden mi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoksa laboratuvarda \u00fcretilip yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla m\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana hem bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda hem de siyasi \u00e7evrelerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130ddialar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131ndaki Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (WIV), 2002’de \u00c7in’in g\u00fcneyindeki Guangdong eyaletinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan SARS salg\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan koronavir\u00fcsler alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir merkez haline geldi.<\/p>\n
Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in’in g\u00fcneyindeki ma\u011faralarda yarasa kolonileri \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan WIV ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan Dr. \u015e\u0131 Cingli, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 koronavir\u00fcs numuneleri ve di\u011fer vir\u00fcslerle deneyler yap\u0131yordu. \u00d6yle ki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fclkesinde “yarasa kad\u0131n” olarak an\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz zoolog Peter Daszak ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O y\u0131llarda merkezi New York’ta bulunan Wild Life Trust adl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sivil toplum kurulu\u015funda y\u00f6neticilik yapan Daszak, ABD’de 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve SARS salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan biyo-ter\u00f6rizm ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadeleye ilgilinin artmas\u0131yla bu alana y\u00f6neldi ve Eco-Health Alliance adl\u0131 bir vak\u0131f kurarak hayvanlardan insanlara bula\u015fan zootonik vir\u00fcslere odakl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Dr. \u015e\u0131 ve ekibi, Dazsak’a saha ve laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda destek sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Dazsak, 2009’da PREDICT (\u00f6ng\u00f6rmek) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi, salg\u0131nlara yol a\u00e7abilecek vir\u00fcslerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir program i\u00e7in, ABD Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden (NHI) 5 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na 18 milyon dolar \u00f6denek ald\u0131. Bunun 1 milyon dolar\u0131 Dr. \u015ei ve WIV’ye gidecekti. Program\u0131 2014’ten sonra da ilave \u00f6denekle yenilenerek 2018’e kadar devam etti.<\/p>\n
WIV, ma\u011faralardan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vir\u00fcsleri katalogluyor ve riskli denebilecek baz\u0131 deneylerle vir\u00fcs\u00fcn davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bulgular\u0131 bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131klar\u0131 ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 riskler, a\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Dr. \u015e\u0131 ve ekibi, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in’in g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Y\u00fcnnan eyaletinde \u015e\u0131tou ad\u0131 verilen ma\u011farada o g\u00fcne dek SARS’a yol a\u00e7an en yak\u0131n koronavir\u00fcs\u00fc ke\u015ffetti. “WIV1” ad\u0131 verilen vir\u00fcs\u00fcn insan h\u00fccresine bula\u015fma yetene\u011fi oldu\u011fu laboratuvar deneylerinde kan\u0131tland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7inli ekip, ayn\u0131 ma\u011farada “SHC014” ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bir ba\u015fka koronavir\u00fcs t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6rne\u011fini tespit etmi\u015f ancak yeterli miktarda numune toplayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in o y\u0131llarda ABD’de vir\u00fcs patojenlerinin DNA’lar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapan virolog Ralph Baric’in yard\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n
Dr. \u015e\u0131, “SHC014″\u00fcn h\u00fccreye tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan “diken” proteininin DNA dizini Baric’e vererek kendisinin laboratuvarda \u00fcretti\u011fi SARS vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle birle\u015ftirmesini istedi. Baric de \u00f6neriyi kabul ederek genetik ilaveyle \u00fcretti\u011fi yeni koronavir\u00fcs\u00fc, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek insana benzer akci\u011fer ve kas sistemi olu\u015fturulan kobay fareleri \u00fczerinde denemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Baric ve \u015e\u0131, i\u015flev kazand\u0131rma deneyinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131 ortak makalede yay\u0131mlad\u0131. SARS kopyas\u0131 ile “SHC014″\u00fcn birle\u015fmesinin sonucu, “potansiyel kitlesel imha” idi. Yeni yarat\u0131lan vir\u00fcs farelerde a\u011f\u0131r akci\u011fer hasar\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor ve SARS’a kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen a\u015f\u0131lara diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steriyordu. Makalenin yazarlar\u0131 da deneyin “fazla tehlikeli” oldu\u011funu kabul ediyordu.<\/p>\n
Baric’in katk\u0131s\u0131, \u00c7inli ekibin “i\u015flev kazand\u0131rma” konusunda gelecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterici oldu.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u0131llarda vir\u00fcsler \u00fczerinde laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dair bilim camias\u0131nda ele\u015ftirilerin artmas\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Barack Obama liderli\u011findeki h\u00fck\u00fcmet, bir patojenin bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirgin \u015fekilde art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flev kazand\u0131rma deneyinin durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in moratoryum ilan etti.<\/p>\n
Ancak WIV ve ABD’li destek\u00e7ileri Daszak ve Baric, deneylerin halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in acil ve g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek devam\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etti.<\/p>\n
\u00c7inli ekip ABD’nin finans deste\u011fini almay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken Baric’in teknikleri kulland\u0131klar\u0131 laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u015e\u0131tou ma\u011faras\u0131nda ke\u015ffettikleri WIV-1 patojenini kullanarak iki yeni mutant vir\u00fcs \u00fcrettiler.<\/p>\n
2017’ye gelindi\u011finde Dr. \u015e\u0131 ve ekibi, ma\u011faradaki koronavir\u00fcslerden 8 mutant vir\u00fcs \u00fcretmi\u015fti ve bunlardan ikisi insanlara bula\u015fma kabiliyetine sahipti.<\/p>\n
\u00dcstelik bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, biyo-g\u00fcvenlik seviyesi en az “3. d\u00fczey” laboratuvarlarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekirken koruma tedbirleri bir di\u015f\u00e7i muayenehanesi ile yakla\u015f\u0131k ayn\u0131 olan “2. d\u00fczey” laboratuvarlarda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n
Washington Post’un yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lan Wikileaks belgelerine g\u00f6re, ABD’nin Pekin B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi, laboratuvardaki g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerine ili\u015fkin kayg\u0131lar nedeniyle, aralar\u0131nda bir uzman\u0131n oldu\u011fu heyeti incelemelerde bulunmak \u00fczere Vuhan’a g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n
Heyet, haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda, laboratuvarda “ciddi e\u011fitimli personel eksi\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu” bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Bu arada \u015e\u0131 ve ekibi ayn\u0131 tehlikeli i\u015flev kazanma deneylerinde yeni bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. \u015e\u0131tou ma\u011faras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan “WIV1” ve “SHC014” patojenlerini birle\u015ftirerek yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 mutant vir\u00fcs\u00fc farelere enjekte ederek koloni i\u00e7inde bir salg\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131namaya giri\u015fmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Deneyin sonucu \u015fok ediciydi, farelerin y\u00fczde 75’i \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu, “WIV1″in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6te yandan mutant vir\u00fcs, enfeksiyonun ilk g\u00fcnlerinde orijinal patojenden 10 bin kat fazla viral y\u00fck yarat\u0131yor ve erken evrede bula\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 son derece g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyordu. \u0130\u015flev kazand\u0131rma deneyi vir\u00fcse do\u011fal yollarla olu\u015famayacak potansiyel kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lar vir\u00fcs\u00fcn insan topluluklar\u0131na yay\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ne kadar vahim sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyordu. SARS salg\u0131n\u0131 koronavir\u00fcslerin ne kadar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. SARS, Kovid-19’a g\u00f6re on kat daha \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcyd\u00fc fakat bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha yava\u015f oldu\u011fundan karantina tedbirleriyle kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gizledi. Daszak’\u0131n ne 2018’de NHI’ya sundu\u011fu y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011ferlendirme raporunda ne de ayn\u0131 y\u0131l \u00f6denek yenilenmesi i\u00e7in sundu\u011fu raporda fare \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden bahsedilmedi. \u0130ngiliz zoolog ancak Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra deneyin t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131n\u0131 ABD’li yetkililere a\u00e7\u0131klayabildi.<\/p>\n
Dazsak, NHI’y\u0131 yan\u0131ltmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, yine Vuhan’daki ortaklar\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fi DEFUSE (etkisiz hale getirmek) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD \u0130leri Savunma Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Projeleri Ajans\u0131na (DARPA) 3 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na 14 milyon dolar \u00f6denek talebi ile ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n
\u00c7inli ekibin SARS’a benzer \u00e7ok say\u0131da yeni koronavir\u00fcs toplayarak \u015e\u0131tou ma\u011faras\u0131ndan elde edilen iki patojenle birle\u015ftirdi\u011fi deneyler y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren program DARPA taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi.<\/p>\n
Deneylerde vir\u00fcslerin DNA dizisinde bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkileyen “furin \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131” b\u00f6lgesinin patojenlere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Kovid-19 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her ne kadar bu patojenlerle birebir genetik yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmasa da vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131nda furin \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirlendi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturmac\u0131lar\u0131, \u00c7in’in, ma\u011faralardaki koronavir\u00fcsler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Daszak’\u0131n ve ABD’li sa\u011fl\u0131k yetkililerin haberdar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralel bir g\u00f6lge proje y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, g\u00f6lge proje, Y\u00fcnnan eyaletinin Pu’\u0131r iline ba\u011fl\u0131 Mociang Hani \u00d6zerk il\u00e7esindeki terk edilmi\u015f bir bak\u0131r madeninde ya\u015fanan gizemli olayla ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Maden oca\u011f\u0131ndaki yarasa pisliklerini temizleyen 6 i\u015f\u00e7i, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, ate\u015f ve zat\u00fcrre belirtileriyle hastaland\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerden \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken, hayatta kalanlara yap\u0131lan testlerde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen bir koronavir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 antikor tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
2012’de olay ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, PREDICT program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, zootenik vir\u00fcslerin insanlara bula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine daha \u00f6nce an\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyordu fakat maden oca\u011f\u0131ndaki vakalar\u0131 Eco-Health’ten ve sponsoru ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden gizledi.<\/p>\n
\u015e\u0131 ve ekibi madende 4 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak yarasalardan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1300 numunede 293 koronavir\u00fcs tespit etti. \u00c7inli virolog, 2015’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalede ma\u011farada SARS vir\u00fcs\u00fc ile ayn\u0131 aileden, daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen bir koronavir\u00fcs\u00fc ke\u015ffettiklerini bildirdi. Makalede ne \u00f6len madencilerden ne de ocakta tespit edilen ayn\u0131 aileden di\u011fer koronavir\u00fcslerden bahsedilmedi.<\/p>\n
Makalede ad\u0131 “RaBtCoV\/4991” olarak ge\u00e7en fakat Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra maden oca\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gizlemek i\u00e7in “RaTG13” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilen vir\u00fcs\u00fcn, hala Kovid-19’a en yak\u0131n koronavir\u00fcs varyant\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc soru\u015fturman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 2021 ba\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan raporda, \u00c7inli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesinde Mociang’daki madenden \u00e7\u0131kan “RaTG13” varyant\u0131 \u00fczerine deneyler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Vuhan’daki laboratuvarda hayvanlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan deneyler dahil oldu\u011fu gizli bir askeri ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iddia edildi.<\/p>\n
Gizli istihbarat bilgilerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da kan\u0131t d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131larak yay\u0131mlanan raporun detaylar\u0131 ilk defa g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sunday Times’\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu yetkililer, “Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde farkl\u0131 Kovid varyant\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve Kovid-19’a ‘RaTG13’dan daha yak\u0131n bir varyant \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na emin olduklar\u0131n\u0131” ifade etti.<\/p>\n
Soru\u015fturmaya kat\u0131lanlar, ayr\u0131ca Enstit\u00fcde “seri ge\u00e7i\u015fleme” (serial passaging) ad\u0131 verilen bir y\u00f6ntemle vir\u00fcs varyant\u0131n\u0131n mutasyonun h\u0131zland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik deneyler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin kan\u0131tlar g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu y\u00f6ntemde deney hayvanlar\u0131na vir\u00fcs enjekte edildikten sonra hangisinin etkisinin daha a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011funun g\u00f6zlendi\u011fini belirten yetkililer, en a\u011f\u0131r hasar\u0131 veren varyant ile tekrar eden deneyler yaparak patojenlerin daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl seviyeye \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Yetkililer, soru\u015fturma i\u00e7in tan\u0131kl\u0131k yapan bir enstit\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6zlerini aktard\u0131:<\/p>\n
“\u0130nsans\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fareler ile seri ge\u00e7i\u015fleme deneyi yapmak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir birle\u015fim. Bu y\u00f6ntem do\u011fal mutasyon s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131yor. Yani y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir mutasyon, haftalar ve aylar i\u00e7inde meydana gelebiliyor.”<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yapan ABD’li bilim insan\u0131 Dr. Steven Quay de, “Bug\u00fcne dek bir yarasa vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyerek \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. E\u011fer o madenciler yarasa vir\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u00f6ld\u00fclerse bu insan bilimleri tarihinde bir ilkin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ve \u00c7inlilerin bunu a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Kovid-19’un furin \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n genetik olarak eklendi\u011fi bir vir\u00fcs\u00fcn insans\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fareler \u00fczerinde seri ge\u00e7i\u015fleme deneyleriyle yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Quay, ABD Senatosuna verdi\u011fi ifadede, “(Bu y\u00f6ntemde) Bir fare grubunu enfekte edip bir hafta bekliyorsunuz, sonra en hasta fareden vir\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p ba\u015fka bir grup fareyi enfekte ederek deneyi tekrarl\u0131yorsunuz. B\u00f6ylece haftalar i\u00e7in evrimi y\u00f6nlendirerek b\u00fct\u00fcn insans\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fareleri \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilecek bir vir\u00fcs yarat\u0131yorsunuz.” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara \u00c7in Halk Kurtulu\u015f Ordusunun (\u00c7HKO) Askeri T\u0131p Bilimleri Akademisinden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funa dair a\u00e7\u0131k kaynaklarda bilgilere rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken yetkililer, bilinmeyen bir vir\u00fcse i\u015flev kazand\u0131rarak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hale getirmenin ve ard\u0131ndan ona kar\u015f\u0131 bir a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, s\u00f6z konusu vir\u00fcs\u00fc biyolojik silah olarak kullanma niyetine i\u015faret etti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7HKO’nun a\u015f\u0131 uzman\u0131 Cou Y\u00fcs\u0131n’\u0131n salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131yla ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve hemen salg\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015eubat 2020’de bir a\u015f\u0131 patenti i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulundu\u011funu belirten yetkililer, Cou’nun May\u0131s 2020’de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini, \u00f6l\u00fcm sebebinin bilinmedi\u011fini, baz\u0131 g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015ferek \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fakat bunun do\u011frulanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan soru\u015fturmada, salg\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki ileti\u015fim kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n, 3. seviye g\u00fcvenlikli bir laboratuvarda i\u015flev kazand\u0131rma deneylerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk vakalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Kas\u0131m 2019’da hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan birinin aile \u00fcyesinin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Soru\u015fturmaya kat\u0131lan bir yetkili, “Hastalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n sebebinin Kovid-19 oldu\u011fundan tamamen eminiz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Dr. \u015e\u0131’n\u0131n ileri koronavir\u00fcs ara\u015ft\u0131rma laboratuvar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu ki\u015filer otuzlu veya k\u0131rkl\u0131 ya\u015flardaki e\u011fitimli biyologlar. Bu ya\u015ftaki bilim insanlar\u0131 gripten kolay hastalanmazlar.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan soru\u015fturmada baz\u0131 karartma \u00e7abalar\u0131na da i\u015faret edildi. Enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn internet sitesinde yer alan bilgiye g\u00f6re, \u00c7in Bilimler Akademisinin g\u00fcvenlik direkt\u00f6r\u00fc 19 Kas\u0131m 2019’da kurumu ziyaret ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara \u00c7in Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015ei Cinping’in “karma\u015f\u0131k ve vahim bir meseleye dair s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 direktiflerini” iletti.<\/p>\n
Vuhan \u00dcniversitesinden akademisyenlerin salg\u0131n sonras\u0131nda ilk g\u00fcnlerde sosyal medyada yer alan hastal\u0131k \u015fikayetlerinin yo\u011funluk haritas\u0131na dair yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada en \u00f6nemli yay\u0131lma noktas\u0131 olan b\u00f6lgede Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yeri i\u015faretlenmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
O g\u00fcnlerde \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi salg\u0131n\u0131n Yangz\u0131 Nehri’nin kar\u015f\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki Huanan G\u0131da \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Pazar\u0131 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Oysa yo\u011funluk haritas\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yay\u0131lma noktalar\u0131 halihaz\u0131rda enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu yakada konumlan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya, Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan ilk kez, \u00c7in’in 31 Aral\u0131k 2019’da Hubey eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 Vuhan kentinde “kayna\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen gizemli solunum yolu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n” ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 DS\u00d6’ye bildirmesiyle haberdar olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Hastal\u0131k, ilk kez Vuhan’da deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri g\u0131da pazar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret eden ki\u015filerde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, sebebi anla\u015f\u0131lamayan “solunum rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131” \u015fikayetiyle 17 Kas\u0131m 2019’da ilk hasta hastaneye ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Akci\u011fer iltihaplanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an hastal\u0131\u011fa, yarasalarda bulunan bir beta koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn mutasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f hali oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen, daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen t\u00fcrdeki bir koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn sebep oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda vir\u00fcs\u00fcn k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturma talebini reddeden \u00c7in, uluslararas\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131n artmas\u0131yla DS\u00d6 heyetinin Vuhan’da incelemeler yapmas\u0131na izin vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, ilk vakalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7in’in Vuhan kentine, aralar\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz zoolog Peter Dazsak’\u0131n oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan heyet g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u0130nceleme s\u00fcrecinde baz\u0131 heyet \u00fcyeleri, \u00c7inli yetkililerin salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ilk vakalarla ilgili haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6zetleri ve veri analizlerini kendilerine verdi\u011fini ancak ham bilgileri payla\u015fmay\u0131 reddetti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Heyet, 29 Ocak’ta ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, ilk vakalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Vuhan Deniz \u00dcr\u00fcnleri G\u0131da Pazar\u0131’n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra vir\u00fcs\u00fcn kaza sonucu d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131na konu olan Vuhan Viroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde de incelemeler yapm\u0131\u015f, enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn Direkt\u00f6r Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u015e\u0131 C\u0131ngli ve laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131ndan bilgi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
2002-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki Akut Solunum Yolu Sendromu (SARS) salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, yarasa koronavir\u00fcslerinin genetik bilgilerinin oldu\u011fu bir ar\u015fiv olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla kurulan enstit\u00fc laboratuvar\u0131, Kovid-19’un burada yapay \u00fcretildi\u011fi ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7inli yetkililer, s\u00f6z konusu iddialar\u0131 reddetmi\u015f, Kovid-19’un ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ithal dondurulmu\u015f deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle \u00fclkeye geldi\u011fine dair kan\u0131tlanmayan, kar\u015f\u0131 iddialar ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n