<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K), 2022 y\u0131l\u0131na ili\u015fkin “Gelir Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u0130statistiklerini” a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir gelirinin, hane halk\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kompozisyonu dikkate al\u0131narak hesaplanan e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle elde edilen “e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert gelirine” g\u00f6re, en y\u00fcksek gelire sahip y\u00fczde 20’lik grubun toplam gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay, 2022’de bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la k\u0131yasla 1,3 puan artarak y\u00fczde 48 oldu.<\/p>\n
En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelire sahip y\u00fczde 20’lik grubun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay 0,1 puan azalarak y\u00fczde 6’ya geriledi.<\/p>\n
Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 e\u015fitsizli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinden olan ve s\u0131f\u0131ra yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda e\u015fitli\u011fi, 1’e yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda bozulmay\u0131 ifade eden Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131, 2022’de bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 0,014 puan art\u0131\u015fla 0,415 olarak tahmin edildi.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir geliri, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 28,3 artarak 98 bin 416 liraya y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, T\u00fcrkiye’de y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert geliri de bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 30,1 artarak 37 bin 400 liradan 48 bin 642 liraya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert gelirlerinde en y\u00fcksek gelir, 2021’e g\u00f6re 13 bin 257 lira artarak 62 bin 554 lirayla tek ki\u015filik hane halklar\u0131n\u0131n oldu.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ekirdek aile bulunmayan birden fazla ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan hane halklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert geliri 60 bin 696 lirayken, tek \u00e7ekirdek aileden olu\u015fan hane halklar\u0131nda bu de\u011ferin 49 bin 902 lira oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama e\u015fde\u011fer kullan\u0131labilir hane halk\u0131 fert gelirine sahip hane halk\u0131 tipi ise 36 bin 210 lirayla en az bir \u00e7ekirdek aile ve di\u011fer ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan hane halklar\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Toplam gelir i\u00e7erisinde en y\u00fcksek pay\u0131, y\u00fczde 46,2 ile bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 0,9 puan azalan maa\u015f ve \u00fccret geliri ald\u0131. \u0130kinci s\u0131ray\u0131 y\u00fczde 21 ile \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 3,5 puan artan m\u00fcte\u015febbis geliri al\u0131rken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131ray\u0131 y\u00fczde 20,2 ile \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 3,7 puanl\u0131k azal\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren sosyal transfer geliri olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131m gelirinin m\u00fcte\u015febbis geliri i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 19,8 olurken, emekli ve dul-yetim ayl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal transferler i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 89,8 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama esas i\u015f gelirleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim mezunlar\u0131nda 87 bin 451 lira, lise ve dengi okul mezunlar\u0131nda 62 bin 835 lira, lise alt\u0131 e\u011fitimlilerde 46 bin 916 lira, bir okul bitirmeyenlerde 34 bin 755 lira ve okur-yazar olmayan fertlerde 25 bin 406 lira olarak hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama esas i\u015f gelirinde en y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 34,1 ile okul bitirmeyen, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck art\u0131\u015f ise y\u00fczde 28,1 ile okur yazar olmayan fertlerde kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
Esas i\u015f gelirleri sekt\u00f6rel olarak incelendi\u011finde, en y\u00fcksek y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama gelirin 66 bin 72 lirayla hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama gelirin ise 46 bin 106 lirayla tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama esas i\u015f gelirinde en y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 41,3 ile tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde g\u00f6zlenirken, bunu y\u00fczde 35,5 ile in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc izledi. Di\u011fer taraftan sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde y\u00fczde 32,1, hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise y\u00fczde 29,1 art\u0131\u015f kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama esas i\u015f gelirleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla i\u015fverenlerde 220 bin 482 lira, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda 58 bin 697 lira, \u00fccretli maa\u015fl\u0131larda 56 bin 899 lira ve yevmiyelilerde 25 bin 632 lira olarak hesapland\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde en y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 61,8 ile i\u015fverenlerde, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck art\u0131\u015f ise y\u00fczde 21,5 ile \u00fccretli maa\u015fl\u0131larda oldu.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert geliri ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 48 bin 642 lira iken, \u0130BBS 2. D\u00fczey b\u00f6lgeleri itibar\u0131yla en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lge 69 bin 904 lirayla \u0130stanbul b\u00f6lgesi oldu. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi, 59 bin 798 lirayla Ankara b\u00f6lgesi ve 59 bin 272 lirayla \u0130zmir b\u00f6lgesi izledi. En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama e\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert geliri ise 23 bin 63 lirayla Van, Mu\u015f, Bitlis, Hakkari b\u00f6lgesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Son yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re P80\/P20 oran\u0131* T\u00fcrkiye’de 7,9 iken, bu de\u011ferin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu \u0130BBS 2. D\u00fczey b\u00f6lgeleri 4,5 ile Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Bing\u00f6l, Tunceli ve Zonguldak, Karab\u00fck, Bart\u0131n olurken bu b\u00f6lgeleri 4,9 ile Kocaeli, Sakarya, D\u00fczce, Bolu, Yalova b\u00f6lgesi izledi.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu oran\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u0130BBS 2. D\u00fczey b\u00f6lgeleri ise 8,1 ile \u0130stanbul, 7,9 ile A\u011fr\u0131, Kars, I\u011fd\u0131r, Ardahan ve 7,4 ile Konya, Karaman oldu.<\/p>\n
Gelir ve Ya\u015fam Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n panel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmas\u0131 nedeni ile ilk defa bu y\u0131l y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla ge\u00e7i\u015f istatistikleri \u00fcretildi.<\/p>\n
E\u015fde\u011fer hane halk\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir fert gelirine g\u00f6re s\u0131ral\u0131 y\u00fczde 10’luk gelir gruplar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla fertlerin bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczdelik ge\u00e7i\u015fleri incelendi\u011finde, bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131lda birinci y\u00fczde 10’luk grupta olan fertlerin ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 55,4’\u00fcn\u00fcn, son y\u00fczde 10’luk grupta olan fertlerin ise y\u00fczde 70,5’inin gelir grubu de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Ayr\u0131ca 2021’de birinci y\u00fczde 10’luk grupta olan fertlerin y\u00fczde 23,7’sinin 2022’de gelir grubu birden fazla y\u00fckseldi. Son y\u00fczde 10’luk grupta olan fertlerin ise y\u00fczde 8,3’\u00fcn\u00fcn gelir grubu birden fazla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Gelir ve Ya\u015fam Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 panel veriden elde edilen sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re 2021’de i\u015fsiz olan fertlerin y\u00fczde 45,4’\u00fc ge\u00e7en y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Faaliyet durumu 2021’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olarak belirlenen fertlerin 2022’de y\u00fczde 90,5’i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na devam etti. Bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne dahil olmayan fertlerin ise y\u00fczde 11,4’\u00fc i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
* P80\/P20 oran\u0131: Y\u00fczde paylar\u0131, ki\u015fisel gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mede kullan\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerden biridir. Y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik fert\/hanehalk\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n toplam gelirden ald\u0131klar\u0131 paylara g\u00f6re; \u201cSon y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik grubun toplam gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\/ \u0130lk y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik grubun toplam gelirden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u201d form\u00fcl\u00fcnden hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n