Bilim insanlar\u0131 Dr. James Schwaber ve Dr. Raj Vadigepalli taraf\u0131ndan Daniel Baugh Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan g\u00fcncel ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla, kalbin beyinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen kendi sinir sistemi olarak tan\u0131mlanan “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beynin”, kalbin i\u015fleyi\u015fini nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi, beyinden kalbe kadar gelen sinirlerin y\u00fcksek teknoloji kullan\u0131larak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesiyle belirlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla, beyin ile “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyin” aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ortaya konmas\u0131 ve kalp sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda bu temel al\u0131narak bir yol haritas\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Thomas Jefferson \u00dcniversitesince yay\u0131mlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla, kalbin “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyninin” ilk 3B haritas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 boyutlu kalp i\u00e7in b\u0131\u00e7ak s\u0131rt\u0131 tarama mikroskobu ad\u0131 verilen yeni bir teknik kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 anda y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler yakaland\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda gen ifadesini ve n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n bireysel konumlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in lazer yakalama mikrodiseksiyon kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu etiketli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, kalbin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyninin tamamen dijitalle\u015ftirilmi\u015f 3 boyutlu modelini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir hesaplama iskelesine e\u015flendi.<\/p>\n
Sinir h\u00fccrelerinin kalpte nas\u0131l organize edildi\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra biyolojik \u00f6zelliklerini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan bu haritayla, kalp sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek i\u00e7in yeni ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde edildi. <\/p>\n
Bilim insanlar\u0131, “N\u00f6ronlar kalbin temel yap\u0131lar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda nas\u0131l organize oluyor? Bu, kalbin ne kadar sert ve h\u0131zl\u0131 pompalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir mi? N\u00f6ronlar birbirleriyle ve beyinden gelen sinyallerle nas\u0131l ileti\u015fim kuruyor? Bu organizasyon ve ileti\u015fim kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor mu? Kalp fizyolojisinin erkekler ve kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ‘k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyin’ cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor mu?” gibi sorulara yan\u0131t ar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Kalbimizin beyni var m\u0131?<\/h3>\n
Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Uzman\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Derne\u011fi \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. Fatih G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, AA muhabirine, d\u00fcnyada kalple ili\u015fkili \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin hala birinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fen teknolojiye ra\u011fmen kalp anatomisinin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi, kalp \u00fczerindeki sinir u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleriyle ileti\u015fiminin detayl\u0131 olarak ortaya konamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, bundan dolay\u0131 da hala kalp yetmezli\u011fine ve kalp krizine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin artarak devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/4f62407a-abf2-4464-9690-b6acbca575b5\/07_2024%2F00_AA_ARALIK%2F05%2F20241218_2_66898009_107748667.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, “Her ne kadar ileri teknoloji ile tedaviler fayda g\u00f6sterse de d\u00fcnya t\u0131bb\u0131, merak konusu olan kalbi ayd\u0131nlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Kalbin tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir organ olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve beyinle ili\u015fkili olarak uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu ifade eden G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
“Beynin kalp \u00fczerindeki kontrol mekanizmas\u0131 tam a\u00e7\u0131klanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990’lara kadar beynin taban\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak boyun, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs ve kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerine kadar uzanan en uzun kafa siniri olan ‘vagus’ siniri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla beynin kalbi uyard\u0131\u011f\u0131, kalbin kendi elektriksel aktivitesini bu elektriksel uyar\u0131ya g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131p reaksiyon verdi\u011fi bilinmekteydi. Fakat geli\u015fen teknolojiyle birlikte i\u015fin asl\u0131nda bu kadar basit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.”<\/p>\n
“Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kalbin kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyninin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne hakim hale geldi”<\/h3>\n
2000’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Dr. Schwaber ve Dr. Vadigepalli’nin yeni hipotezleri ile ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geli\u015ferek uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
“Hem s\u0131\u00e7an hem domuz kalplerinin geli\u015fen teknoloji ile birlikte 3 boyutlu haritalamas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hem de sinir dokular\u0131n\u0131n mikrogenetik ili\u015fkilerinin ortaya koyulmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya t\u0131bb\u0131 beklenen sonuca ula\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kalbin sadece beyinden gelen vagus siniri ile uyar\u0131lan ve kontrol edilen bir organ de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi beyni olacak \u015fekilde lokal sinir a\u011f\u0131na da sahip bir organ dokusuna sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Son 3 boyutlu haritalama g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinde, s\u0131\u00e7an kalbi, erkek ve kad\u0131n kalp dokular\u0131n\u0131n kendi lokal sinir a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n bile farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, erkeklerde bu kontrol mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n daha yo\u011fun g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bundan dolay\u0131 da kad\u0131n, erkek aras\u0131nda kalp sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k olabilece\u011fi tezi ortaya koyuldu. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ilerledik\u00e7e ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da kalbin kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyninin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne hakim hale geldi. Heyecanla t\u00fcm bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n insan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda daha da detaylanmas\u0131yla birlikte kalp \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamen ortaya koyulabilece\u011fi ve bir\u00e7ok kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde birle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.”<\/p>\n