<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Kardiyoloji Derne\u011fi Koruyucu Kardiyoloji ve Ateroskleroz \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcng\u00f6r, “24 Eyl\u00fcl Ailevi Hiperkolesterolemi Fark\u0131ndal\u0131k G\u00fcn\u00fc” dolay\u0131s\u0131yla AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin bir numaral\u0131 sebebi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Ateroskleroz (damar sertli\u011fi), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yo\u011funluklu kolesterol\u00fcn (LDL-K) atar damarlar\u0131n duvar\u0131nda birikmesiyle ba\u015flayan, seneler i\u00e7inde sinsice ilerleyen bir hastal\u0131k oldu\u011funu belirten G\u00fcng\u00f6r, hastal\u0131k sonucunda kalp krizi, fel\u00e7 ve hatta ani \u00f6l\u00fcm geli\u015febildi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. G\u00fcng\u00f6r, hastal\u0131kta genetik olarak kandaki LDL-K d\u00fczeylerinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu dile getirerek, “Ya\u015fam boyunca kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kat kat fazla LDL-K bulunur ve neticesinde ateroskleroz h\u0131zlan\u0131r. Ki\u015finin kendinde ailevi hiperkolesterolemi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilmesi, erken \u00f6nlem ve ila\u00e7 tedavisi almas\u0131yla hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesi yava\u015flat\u0131labilir. Hatta erken d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flanan tedaviyle hi\u00e7 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayanlara benzer ya\u015fam s\u00fcrelerine ula\u015f\u0131labilir.” dedi.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Kardiyoloji Derne\u011finin temel amac\u0131n\u0131n kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 klinik olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin d\u00fczeltilmesi, toplumda kalp ile damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fc ve kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7eken G\u00fcng\u00f6r, “Kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 senelerce sessizce ilerler, damarlarda plaklar olu\u015fur ve sonras\u0131nda bu plaklar\u0131n ilerlemesi ve p\u0131ht\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 neticesinde kalp krizi, inme ve periferik arter hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (bacak damarlar\u0131nda t\u0131kanma) \u015fikayetleri a\u015fikar hale gelir. Ailevi hiperkolesterolemi toplumda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 250 ki\u015fide 1 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu hastalar\u0131n kalp krizi riski yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 kat daha y\u00fcksektir. Kolesterol y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ve di\u011fer risk fakt\u00f6rlerinin uygun \u015fekilde \u00f6nlenmesiyle kalp krizi riski y\u00fczde 80 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131labilir.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. G\u00fcng\u00f6r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 bin hastan\u0131n kalp krizi ge\u00e7irdi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
“\u00dclkemizde gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta kalp krizlerinin de Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinen bir bilimsel ger\u00e7ek. T\u00fcrkiye’de kalp krizlerinin y\u00fczde 20’si 50 ya\u015f \u00f6ncesi geli\u015firken Avrupa\u2019da erken kalp krizleri y\u00fczde 10’u ge\u00e7miyor. Avrupa\u2019da ortalama kalp krizi ya\u015f\u0131 60-65 aras\u0131 iken \u00fclkemizde 10 ya\u015f daha gen\u00e7 bir ortalama g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130\u015fte \u00fclkemizdeki bu erken kalp krizlerinde ailevi hiperkolesterolemi \u00f6nemli bir etken olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ya\u015flanmayla kolesterol seviyesi y\u00fckseliyor ve kalp damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 da ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a artmakta. Ancak ailevi hiperkolesterolemi hastalar\u0131nda risk \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin LDL-K de\u011feri \u00e7ocukluktan itibaren y\u00fczde 50 fazla olan bir ki\u015finin kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirme riski 45 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde, LDL-K de\u011feri normal olan bir ki\u015finin 65 ya\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011findeki riskine yak\u0131n olmaktad\u0131r. Tansiyon y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u015feker hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa risk daha da artmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocukluk ya\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren kolesterol de\u011ferlerinin uygun ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 \u00f6nerileri ve gerekti\u011finde kolesterol d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ila\u00e7 tedavileri ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, ailevi hiperkolesterolemi hastalar\u0131nda da risk normal bireyler seviyesine indirebilir.”<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda genel pop\u00fclasyonda her 22 ki\u015fiden birinde LDL-K’nin “190 mg\/dL” oldu\u011funu belirten G\u00fcng\u00f6r, ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n her 164 ki\u015fide 1 olarak saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. G\u00fcng\u00f6r, bu durumun T\u00fcrkiye’nin bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerden biri oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini belirterek, “Ailevi hiperkolesterolemi, genetik bir hastal\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tan\u0131da genetik testlere gerek yok. Ailenizde gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta (55 ya\u015f \u00f6ncesi) kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa ve k\u00f6t\u00fc kolesterol (LDL) 190 mg\/dl ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde ise siz de y\u00fcksek olas\u0131l\u0131kla hastas\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z anlam\u0131na geliyor. Hem kendiniz, hem akrabalar\u0131n\u0131z ve hem de gelecek nesiller i\u00e7in ailevi hiperkolesterolemi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n erken tespiti \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem arz ediyor. Ailenin bir bireyinde dahi bu hastal\u0131k saptan\u0131rsa, di\u011fer akrabalar ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da kolesterol y\u00fcksekli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan taranmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz.” bilgisini verdi.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Kardiyoloji Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Muzaffer De\u011fertekin ise “ailevi y\u00fcksek kolesterol” olarak da tan\u0131mlanabilecek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n iki tipinin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Homozigot formunun s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n milyonda bir civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu dile getiren De\u011fertekin, “Hem anneden hem de babadan hatal\u0131 genleri alan \u00e7ocuklarda LDL-K \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri 350 mg\/dl \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar ve maalesef a\u015fikar kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ergenlik ya\u015flar\u0131nda bulgu verir. Bu ki\u015filerde deride kolesterol birikimine ba\u011fl\u0131 ‘ksantom’ ad\u0131 verilen sar\u0131mt\u0131rak bezeler olu\u015fur.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. De\u011fertekin, hatal\u0131 geni tek tarafl\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, “ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlanan heterozigotlarda ise LDL-kolesterol d\u00fczeyi “190 mg\/dl” \u00fczerinde saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktararak, bu ki\u015filerde deri bulgular\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in klinik olarak tan\u0131 koymak gerekti\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Fark\u0131ndal\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hastalar\u0131n ancak 10\u2019da birinin tan\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan De\u011fertekin, “Ailenizde ve \u00f6zellikle birinci derece akrabalar\u0131n\u0131zda, gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta kalp damar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanan veya kolesterol\u00fc \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan ki\u015filer varsa sizin de kolesterol tahlili yapt\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n