<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6 Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus’un, “DS\u00d6 Acil Durum Komitesi bug\u00fcn topland\u0131 ve bana (M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle ilgili) durumun uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6neme sahip bir halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 acil durumu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tavsiye g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirdi. Bu tavsiyeyi kabul ettim.” a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede endi\u015feyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n
Afrika Birli\u011fi Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezinin (Africa CDC) payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re, Afrika’da 13 \u00fclkede M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fc vakas\u0131na rastland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fclkeler G\u00fcney Afrika, Kenya, Ruanda, Uganda, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Burundi, Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Kamerun, Nijerya, Fildi\u015fi Sahili, Gana ve Liberya.<\/p>\n
Afrika CDC’ye g\u00f6re, 13 Afrika \u00fclkesinde vaka say\u0131s\u0131 17 bin 541 olurken hastal\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 517 \u00f6l\u00fcm kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti. Temmuz sonu itibar\u0131yla 2023’\u00fcn ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine k\u0131yasla vaka say\u0131lar\u0131nda y\u00fczde 160’l\u0131k bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fcnden kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin y\u00fczde 97’si Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyetinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, \u015fu anda Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkede g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 2024’te ilk kez \u0130sve\u00e7, Avustralya ve Pakistan’da da tespit edilen M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplam \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131 16 oldu.<\/p>\n
Vaka say\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fu ana kadar Avustralya’da 93, Pakistan’da 3 ve \u0130sve\u00e7’te 1 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin sa\u011fl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilere g\u00f6re, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in de etkin koruma sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n
ABD Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve Korunma Merkezleri’nin sitesinde, JYNNEOS a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi riskini azaltmada etkili oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. En etkili y\u00f6ntem olarak 28 g\u00fcn arayla iki doz uygulama tavsiye ediliyor.<\/p>\n
Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) Komisyonu’nun internet sitesinde de “MVA-BN” veya “Modifiye A\u015f\u0131 Ankara-Bavarian Nordic”, AB ve \u0130ngiltere’de onayl\u0131 tek M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu ifade ediliyor. Bu a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ABD ve \u0130svi\u00e7re’de JYNNEOS, Kanada’da IMVAMUNE ismiyle pazarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. A\u015f\u0131 18 ya\u015f ve \u00fcst\u00fc ki\u015filer i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n
Avustralya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n internet sitesinde de M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 JYNNEOS ve ACAM2000 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi belirtiliyor. ACAM2000’in 12 ayl\u0131ktan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bebekler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 aktar\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, 9 A\u011fustos’ta a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreticilerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da acil kullan\u0131m listesine y\u00f6nelik s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. DS\u00d6 ayr\u0131ca iki a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Acil Kullan\u0131m Listesi i\u00e7in de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fini duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Afrika Birli\u011fi Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezi (Africa CDC) Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Jean Kaseya, d\u00fcn M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi salg\u0131n\u0131yla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in temin etmeyi planlad\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 dozunun 23 milyondan fazla olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kaseya, salg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla 10 milyon doz a\u015f\u0131 temin ettiklerini, y\u0131l sonuna kadar 23 milyon dozdan fazla a\u015f\u0131ya ula\u015fmay\u0131 hedeflediklerini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, Avrupa Sa\u011fl\u0131k Acil Durum Haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve M\u00fcdahale \u0130daresi (HERA), Afrika CDC’ye 215 bin doz MVA-BN a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6’ye g\u00f6re, M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fc, Poxviridae adl\u0131 vir\u00fcs ailesine ve Orthopoxvirus cinsine ait “maymun \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi” vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu viral bir hastal\u0131k.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ilk olarak 1958’de Danimarka’da ara\u015ft\u0131rma ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lan maymunlarda ke\u015ffedildi. 1970’te Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nde 9 ayl\u0131k bir erkek \u00e7ocukta g\u00f6r\u00fclen vir\u00fcs, “insanlarda bildirilen ilk mpox vakas\u0131” olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti. Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn o d\u00f6nem yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Bat\u0131 ve Orta Afrika \u00fclkeleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yayg\u0131n belirtileri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek ate\u015f, ba\u015f, s\u0131rt ve kas a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, lenf bezlerinde \u015fi\u015flik, yorgunluk, \u00fc\u015f\u00fcme, titreme ve ciltte su \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fine benzer kabarc\u0131klar yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fc fare ve sincap gibi kemirgen hayvanlardan veya enfekte olmu\u015f bireylerden bula\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu v\u00fccut d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerine dokunmak, bu d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerin bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 giysi, \u00e7ar\u015faf, havlu ve benzeri e\u015fyalar\u0131 kullanmak ve v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131yla temas etmek en \u00f6nemli bula\u015f nedenleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk belirtiler vir\u00fcs\u00fc kapt\u0131ktan 5 ila 21 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin laboratuvarda do\u011frulamas\u0131 cilt lezyon bulgusunun test edilmesiyle yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi olmayan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi destekleyici bak\u0131m ve antiviral ila\u00e7larla yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen ve baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde kullan\u0131m\u0131 onaylanan a\u015f\u0131lar ve tedaviler, baz\u0131 durumlarda M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labiliyor.<\/p>\n
Vakalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hafif ge\u00e7iriyor ve birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn iki genetik t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunuyor. Bunlar “Klad I ve Klad II” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. “Klad I” genellikle Orta ve Do\u011fu Afrika’da g\u00f6r\u00fclen, daha ciddi hastal\u0131klara ve \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olan bir mpox t\u00fcr\u00fc. Bat\u0131 Afrika’ya \u00f6zg\u00fc olan ve daha hafif M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi t\u00fcr\u00fc olan “Klad II” ise 2022’deki salg\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Mevcut salg\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen “Klad 1b”nin ise yeni ve daha \u015fiddetli olan bir vir\u00fcs t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Klad 1b, Kongo Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nin do\u011fu kesimleri ve kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerde daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, 21 Temmuz 2022’de M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi salg\u0131n\u0131yla ilgili “k\u00fcresel acil durum” ilan etmi\u015fti. 10 ay sonra sa\u011fl\u0131k krizinin kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, acil durum sona erdirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Afrika Birli\u011fi, Afrika \u00fclkelerinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131ta \u00e7ap\u0131nda halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in acil durum ilan edildi\u011fini belirtmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Margaret Harris, M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn eskisinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu dile getirerek, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi zay\u0131f olanlar ve \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in daha tehlikeli oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n
Harris, M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi i\u00e7in \u015fu anda belirli bir tedavinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak destekleyici tedavilerin bu vir\u00fcse yakalanan hastalar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, genellikle 2-4 hafta i\u00e7erisinde kendili\u011finden iyile\u015fiyor. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerde ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklarda hastal\u0131k a\u011f\u0131r seyredebiliyor.<\/p>\n
Genel olarak hastalananlardan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu y\u00fczde 3 ile 6’s\u0131 kaybediliyor ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n Orta Afrika alt tipinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck y\u00fczde 11’e kadar \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, vir\u00fcse yakalanan ki\u015filere m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar evlerinde izole olma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunarak d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcler sonlanana kadar maske takmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n
Cildin kuru ve a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirten DS\u00d6, ellerin s\u0131k s\u0131k dezenfekte edilmesi gerekti\u011fini, \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bba\u015fkalar\u0131yla temastan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131n faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi vir\u00fcs\u00fc insanlarda ilk kez 1970’de g\u00f6r\u00fclse de canl\u0131larda ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 1958’deydi. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan maymun kolonilerinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzer belirtilerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesiyle tespit edilen vir\u00fcs, 2022’ye kadar “maymun \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi (monkeypox)” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6, 2022’de \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k kayg\u0131s\u0131yla vir\u00fcs\u00fcn ismini “mpox” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fct ayr\u0131ca vir\u00fcs\u00fcn “Bat\u0131 Afrika”, “Kongo Havzas\u0131”, “Orta Afrika” ismini ta\u015f\u0131yan alt t\u00fcrlerinin de yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/p>\n