<\/p>\n
T\u00fct\u00fcn ve t\u00fct\u00fcn mamulleri kullan\u0131m\u0131 halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkilemeye devam ediyor. Bu konuda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen politikalar ile dumans\u0131z hava sahas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara bir\u00e7ok sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu da katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren kapal\u0131 alanlarda sigara ve t\u00fct\u00fcn mamullerinin t\u00fcketiminin yasaklanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasaya destek veren sivil toplum kurulu\u015fu temsilcileri, s\u00f6z konusu yasa ile \u00f6zellikle restoranlar, kafeler, i\u015f yerleri ve toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda sigara duman\u0131na maruz kalma oran\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
Bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye Sigarayla Sava\u015f Derne\u011fi, sigaran\u0131n zararl\u0131 etkileri konusunda y\u0131llard\u0131r etkin m\u00fccadele veren kurulu\u015flara \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ediyor.<\/p>\n
Derne\u011fin Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ayd\u0131n, AA muhabirine, T\u00fcrkiye’de yasa\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden bug\u00fcne \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler ve etkiler g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Yasakla birlikte i\u00e7 mekan hava kalitesinin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Ayd\u0131n, bu sayede sigara duman\u0131na maruz kalan insanlar\u0131n korundu\u011funu, pasif i\u00e7icili\u011fin zararlar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
Sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalma ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finen Ayd\u0131n, “Bu yasak ayr\u0131ca toplumun genel sigara i\u00e7me al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da etkilemi\u015ftir. Kamuoyunda sigara i\u00e7menin toplumsal kabul g\u00f6rmemesi ve sigara i\u00e7enler \u00fczerinde olu\u015fan sosyal bask\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu bir geli\u015fmedir.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Ayd\u0131n, yasa\u011f\u0131n tam olarak uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve denetim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin de \u00f6nemli bir konu oldu\u011funu belirterek, “Sonu\u00e7 olarak sigara yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131yla birlikte hem \u00e7evresel hem de toplumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli kazan\u0131mlar elde edilmi\u015ftir ancak bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve denetimleri s\u0131k\u0131 tutmaya devam etmemiz gerekmektedir.” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yasa\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7ler \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eden Ayd\u0131n, bu durumun gen\u00e7lerin sigara ile tan\u0131\u015fma ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k geli\u015ftirme oranlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade etti.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131 ve t\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair istatistiklerin zamanla de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini anlatan Ayd\u0131n, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n
“2023 y\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumunun ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, 15 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 28-30’u d\u00fczenli olarak sigara i\u00e7mektedir. Bu oran erkeklerde daha y\u00fcksek olup kad\u0131nlarda biraz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Erkeklerin sigara i\u00e7me oran\u0131 kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Erkeklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 40-50’si sigara i\u00e7erken, kad\u0131nlarda bu oran y\u00fczde 15-20 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Gen\u00e7 yeti\u015fkinler ve orta ya\u015fl\u0131 bireyler aras\u0131nda sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksekken, ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfusta bu oran d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zellikle 25-44 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda sigara i\u00e7me yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r. E\u011fitim seviyesi ve sosyoekonomik durum da sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerdendir. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck e\u011fitim seviyesine sahip olan ve ekonomik durumu daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan bireyler aras\u0131nda sigara i\u00e7me oran\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.”<\/p>\n
\u00dclkede sigara i\u00e7me oranlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli kampanyalar ve d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Ayd\u0131n, bu \u00e7abalar aras\u0131nda sigara b\u0131rakma programlar\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin vergilendirilmesi ve kamu bilinci art\u0131rma kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye’de sigara kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm ve hastal\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu da dikkati \u00e7eken Ayd\u0131n, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
“D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan verilere g\u00f6re, \u00fclkemizde her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin ki\u015fi sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir. Bu g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 300 ki\u015finin sigara nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir. T\u00fcrkiye’de yeti\u015fkin n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30’u sigara kullanmaktad\u0131r. Sigara, ba\u015fta akci\u011fer kanseri olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kanser t\u00fcr\u00fcne neden olmaktad\u0131r. Akci\u011fer kanserinden \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin y\u00fczde 90’\u0131 sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kronik Obstr\u00fcktif Akci\u011fer Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (KOAH) ve kalp-damar hastal\u0131klar\u0131 gibi kronik hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ana nedenlerinden biri sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. KOAH’tan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80’i sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfus aras\u0131nda sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131 da ciddi bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda sigara deneme ya\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve bu ya\u015f grubunda sigara kullan\u0131m oran\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Bu istatistikler, sigaran\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’deki sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerini ve bu konunun halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.”<\/p>\n
Nargilenin de yasaya dahil edilmesinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7eken Ayd\u0131n, “Nargile kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fan bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline gelmi\u015ftir ve sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi riskler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Nargile i\u00e7imi, bir oturum boyunca bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lan ortak bir a\u011f\u0131zl\u0131kla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finden, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lma riski \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, nargile duman\u0131 da sigara duman\u0131na benzer \u015fekilde zararl\u0131 kimyasallar i\u00e7ermekte ve pasif i\u00e7icilik riskini art\u0131rabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, nargilenin yasaklanmas\u0131 veya k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu sonu\u00e7lar ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak kapal\u0131 alanlarda nargile kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131yla \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7lerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu sonu\u00e7lar elde edilmi\u015ftir.” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
19 Temmuz’un sigara ile m\u00fccadelede d\u00f6nem noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu dile getiren Ayd\u0131n, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
“T\u00fct\u00fcn mamulleri t\u00fcketimi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u00fclkemizde sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha hat\u0131rlatmak isteriz. 19 Temmuz bir milatt\u0131r. Bu yasak, kapal\u0131 alanlarda sigara i\u00e7iminin yasaklanmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve zamanla daha geni\u015f kapsama yay\u0131lan bir s\u00fcreci simgeler. Sigaran\u0131n toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki zararlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ad\u0131m\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ancak yasalar\u0131n etkin bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131 ve denetlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elde edilen kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. Toplumda sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131yla m\u00fccadelede sadece yasaklarla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilin\u00e7lendirme, e\u011fitim ve destek hizmetleriyle de sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bizlere de b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.”<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Sigarayla Sava\u015f Derne\u011fi olarak sigaran\u0131n zararlar\u0131 konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturma ve toplumu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam konusunda bilin\u00e7lendirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerini belirten Ayd\u0131n, “Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve temiz bir \u00e7evre i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam ederek, gelecek nesilleri sigara ve di\u011fer t\u00fct\u00fcn mamullerinin zararlar\u0131ndan korumaya odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu vesileyle, t\u00fct\u00fcn mamulleri t\u00fcketimi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 desteklemeye ve sigaradan uzak durmaya te\u015fvik ediyoruz. Sa\u011fl\u0131k her \u015feyden \u00f6nemlidir, birlikte daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir gelecek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edece\u011fiz.” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131n, 2008 ve 2023 y\u0131llar\u0131nda sigara kullanan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131nda rakamsal belirgin bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sigara kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir azalma ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
2008 ve 2023’te sigara tiryakisi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 14 milyon oldu\u011funu vurgulayan Ayd\u0131n, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 71 milyon olan \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda 14 milyon art\u0131\u015fla 85 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Ayd\u0131n, artan n\u00fcfusa ra\u011fmen sigara kullananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye’de g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 14 milyon 840 bin, y\u0131ll\u0131k ise 5 milyar 400 milyonun \u00fczerinde bandroll\u00fc sigara paketi sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n