\n<\/p>\n
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine yol a\u00e7an sera gazlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan metan, 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde karbondioksitten 82,5 kat daha fazla \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 hapsederek k\u0131sa vadeli k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131yor. K\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri, en az petrol ve gaz tesisleri kadar metan gaz\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, uygun maliyetli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen metan emisyonlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediliyor.<\/p>\n
Londra merkezli enerji d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu Ember, “Karanl\u0131kta” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporunda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne (UNFCCC) sundu\u011fu k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri kaynakl\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahminleri ve emisyonlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 tekniklerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadaki tahmini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Buna g\u00f6re, 64 \u00fclke farkl\u0131 y\u0131llarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri kaynakl\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 UNFCCC’ye raporlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerde k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri kaynakl\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 30,5 milyon ton seviyesinde bulunuyor. Ancak, s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k 38 ila 67 milyon ton aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu hesaplan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Analizde kullan\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re, bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcreticisi \u00fclke k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri kaynakl\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 raporlam\u0131yor ve raporlanan verilerin y\u00fczde 97’si direkt \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen metan emisyonlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden sa\u011flanm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Aralar\u0131nda G\u00fcney Afrika, Almanya ve Endonezya’n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu 22 \u00fclkenin metan emisyonunun halihaz\u0131rda raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 seviyenin iki kat\u0131 olabilece\u011fi tahmin edilirken, 22 \u00fclke de k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri kaynakl\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 50 veya daha fazla eksik g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriye g\u00f6re, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinden kaynaklanan metan emisyonlar\u0131 Hindistan’\u0131n 2021’deki toplam karbondioksit emisyonuna e\u015fit.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki veriler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinin neden oldu\u011fu metan emisyonlar\u0131 ABD’nin toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k karbon emisyonlar\u0131na benzer bir \u0131s\u0131nma etkisine sahip.<\/p>\n
Bu veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131 halinde, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc emisyona yol a\u00e7an \u00fclke olaca\u011f\u0131 hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Raporda h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin t\u00fcm k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerindeki metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uydu do\u011frulama y\u00f6ntemleriyle direkt \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve raporlanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu tutmas\u0131 tavsiye edilirken, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 1,5 dereceyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 2030’a kadar k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinin neden oldu\u011fu metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75 azalmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
Ember’in metan analisti Sabina Assan, rapora ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesinde, metan\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, “Bu sorunun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda hi\u00e7bir fikrimiz yok. En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tahminlere g\u00f6re, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenleri kaynakl\u0131 metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n iklime etkisi Hindistan ile ayn\u0131, en \u00fcst seviye tahminlere g\u00f6re ise ABD’den daha fazla.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerindeki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm faaliyetlerine ili\u015fkin endi\u015feleri dile getiren Assan, “Bir\u00e7ok k\u00f6m\u00fcr madeninin ne kadar metan emisyonuna yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meden faaliyetine devam etmesi \u015fok edici. Tahmin edilen ve ger\u00e7ekteki metan emisyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bilgi a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak, metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 ve bu da k\u0131sa vadede iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini yava\u015flatmak i\u00e7in sahip oldu\u011fumuz en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kald\u0131ra\u00e7.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 30 azaltmak i\u00e7in halihaz\u0131rda 150 \u00fclkenin K\u00fcresel Metan Taahh\u00fcd\u00fc’n\u00fcn imzac\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sadece Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve Kanada’n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinden kaynaklanan metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in aktif planlar\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n