Gazi \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi N\u00fckleer T\u0131p Anabilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. L\u00fctfiye \u00d6zlem Atay, \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri Prof. Dr. \u00dcmit \u00d6zg\u00fcr Akdemir, Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Erdem Balc\u0131 \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki ekibin Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n erken tan\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin 2018’den bu yana y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonu\u00e7 verdi.<\/p>\n
Beyinde, Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kilit proteini olan “amiloid plak” birikimini \u00f6l\u00e7en “Amiloid Pozitron Emisyon Tomografisi (PET)” y\u00f6ntemini, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f baz\u0131 hastalarda uygulayan uzmanlar, bu sayede hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 erken d\u00f6nemde saptamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/a54ea27f-6036-4f79-88c6-6bc9ba19a35d\/08_Nisan%2F04%20ekim%2F06%2FAA-33018285.jpg\"\/)
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Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (T\u00dcSEB) Stratejik Ar-Ge deste\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ulusal erken tan\u0131 modeli geli\u015ftirilmesi hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n
“Alzheimer, belirtilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan 15-20 sene \u00f6nce ba\u015fl\u0131yor”<\/h3>\n
Prof. Dr. Atay, AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, n\u00f6rodejeneratif hastal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesine y\u00f6nelik uzun s\u00fcredir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcklerini, T\u00fcrkiye’de bu konuda ilklere imza atan referans bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer t\u0131pta, v\u00fccutta ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak istenen b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re radyoaktif belirte\u00e7le i\u015faretlenmi\u015f farkl\u0131 farmas\u00f6tiklerin hastalara damar yoluyla verildi\u011fini, en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan farmas\u00f6ti\u011fin de “glikoz” (\u015feker) oldu\u011funu anlatan Atay, bu sayede v\u00fccutta onkolojide \u00e7o\u011falan kanserli h\u00fccreleri tespit ederek, anormal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlendi\u011fini ve yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/a54ea27f-6036-4f79-88c6-6bc9ba19a35d\/08_Nisan%2F04%20ekim%2F06%2FAA-33018289.jpg\"\/)
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Prof. Dr. Atay, Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi n\u00f6rodejenaratif hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tespitinde ise farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerin devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ederek, \u015fu bilgileri payla\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n
“Alzheimer ve di\u011fer demans hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tiplerinde, beyindeki n\u00f6ronlar, bir s\u00fcre sonra ‘\u015feker’ kullanamaz hale geliyor ve \u00f6l\u00fcyor. Ancak bu tablo, hastal\u0131k ilerledi\u011finde, unutma kayb\u0131 gibi ciddi belirtiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fuyor. Oysa Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, belirtilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 15-20 sene \u00f6nce ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Hastan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde hi\u00e7bir \u015fikayeti yokken beyninde istenmeyen ‘amiloid’ proteinleri birikmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bunlar yava\u015f yava\u015f beyin h\u00fccrelerinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oluyor. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ciddi semptomlar\u0131 da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.”<\/p>\n
“Y\u00f6ntemde beyindeki ‘amiloid’ y\u00fck\u00fcne bak\u0131yoruz”<\/h3>\n
Bu durumdan hareketle yeni geli\u015ftirilen bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn n\u00fckleer t\u0131pta kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildiren Atay, “\u00dclkemizde ilk kez Gazi N\u00fckleer T\u0131pta, Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesinden uzmanlar\u0131n da deste\u011fiyle ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla, bu molek\u00fcl\u00fc kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla ilgili yay\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnya literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde yer buldu. \u015eu an hem hastalar\u0131m\u0131za hem de Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’m\u0131z\u0131n destekledi\u011fi ba\u015fka bir proje \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ‘amiloid PET’ g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemesini yap\u0131yoruz.” dedi.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/a54ea27f-6036-4f79-88c6-6bc9ba19a35d\/08_Nisan%2F04%20ekim%2F06%2FAA-33018291.jpg\"\/)
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Prof. Dr. Atay, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n
“Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6nteminde hastalar\u0131m\u0131za damardan ‘amiloid’ proteinine ba\u011flanan radyoaktif bir belirte\u00e7 veriyoruz ve beyindeki ‘amiloid’ y\u00fck\u00fcne bak\u0131yoruz. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6rsel de\u011ferlendirmenin yan\u0131nda ekibimizden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6zel bir program sayesinde amiloid y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn say\u0131sal de\u011ferini de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyoruz. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sistemi de \u00fclkemizde ilk, yak\u0131n zamanda patent ba\u015fvurusunu yapmay\u0131 planl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemiyle hastada erken d\u00f6nemde Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirliyoruz. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm sistemi sayesinde bunu say\u0131sal olarak da ispatl\u0131yoruz. Bu sayede hastalar\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7ok erken d\u00f6nemde do\u011fru tan\u0131 koyarak, do\u011fru tedaviye y\u00f6nlendirilmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz.”<\/p>\n
Hastal\u0131k belirtisi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan 15-20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce tan\u0131 konulabilecek<\/h3>\n
Prof. Dr. L\u00fctfiye \u00d6zlem Atay, bu tetkikin ciddi aile \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bulunan, di\u011fer baz\u0131 tetkikler sonucunda hastal\u0131ktan \u015f\u00fcphe duyulan ve n\u00f6roloji uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f hastalara uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n
Alzheimer’\u0131n amiloid plaklar\u0131n\u0131n birikmesi sonucu sinsi \u015fekilde ilerledi\u011fini vurgulayan Atay, “\u00d6rne\u011fin, 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir ki\u015finin beyninde asl\u0131nda bu hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an amiloid plaklar\u0131 ortalama 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren toplanmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Hasta, 70 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar Alzheimer’la ilgili hi\u00e7bir belirti vermiyor, kan testi, MR, bili\u015fsel testleri temiz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. A\u015fikar belirtiler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hastal\u0131k \u00e7oktan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oluyor. Kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00f6ntem sayesinde hastalara 50’sinde bile, yani amiloid plaklar\u0131n\u0131n beyinde ilk olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evrede, hastan\u0131n hen\u00fcz hi\u00e7bir \u015fikayeti yokken tan\u0131 koyabiliyoruz.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
“Hastalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yeni tedavilere erken d\u00f6nemde y\u00f6nlendirilmesini sa\u011flayacak”<\/h3>\n
Ortalama \u00f6mr\u00fcn uzad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve 65 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki her 10 ki\u015fiden 1’inin de Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Atay, d\u00fcnyada bu hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131, beyindeki amiloid y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc temizlemeye odaklanan yeni ila\u00e7 tedavileri \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Atay, \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu:<\/p>\n
“Son d\u00f6nemde Alzheimer’a kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen bir ila\u00e7 onayland\u0131, yak\u0131nda Avrupa’da da onay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacak. Bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli \u015fart, hastan\u0131n amiloid PET taramas\u0131n\u0131n pozitif \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, yani erken d\u00f6nem Alzheimer hastas\u0131 olmas\u0131 olacak. Hastanemizde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z amiloid PET taramas\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. D\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmelerle paralel \u00fclkemizde de Alzheimer’\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemde tan\u0131lanmas\u0131, do\u011fru tedaviye, yeni geli\u015ftirilen ila\u00e7lara hastalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n erken d\u00f6nemde y\u00f6nlendirilmesini de sa\u011flayacak.”<\/p>\n
“Hedefimiz ulusal tan\u0131 modelimizi geli\u015ftirebilmek”<\/h3>\n
T\u00dcSEB’in destekledi\u011fi ulusal tan\u0131 modeli geli\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik projede de n\u00f6roloji, psikoloji, biyokimya, genetik, n\u00fckleer t\u0131p, radyoloji gibi farkl\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Atay, \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu:<\/p>\n
“Hedefimiz Alzheimer gibi n\u00f6rodejenaratif hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 kendi ulusal tan\u0131 modelimizi geli\u015ftirebilmek. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem d\u00fcnyada hem de \u00fclkemizde ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfustaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bir Alzheimer pandemisiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. ABD’de \u015fu an 13 milyon, \u00fclkemizde ise 700 bin kay\u0131tl\u0131 Alzheimer hastas\u0131 var. 2050’de Alzheimer hastas\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde 150 milyona, ABD’de 50 milyona, \u00fclkemizde ise 5 milyona ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.”<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Atay, amiloid PET g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemesi sonucunda erken d\u00f6nemde Alzheimer saptanan veya saptanmayan hastalar\u0131n g\u00f6rselleri \u00fczerinden de bilgi verdi.<\/p>\n