\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Su Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri ve \u0130\u015fletmecili\u011fi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ile Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnden bilim insanlar\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkisiyle Marmara Denizi’nde artan y\u00fczey suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerine etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hamsi, palamut, \u00e7inekop ve l\u00fcfer bal\u0131klar\u0131na odaklan\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, bu t\u00fcrlerin 2000 ve 2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki av sezonlar\u0131 ayl\u0131k olarak incelendi. <\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, s\u00f6z konusu t\u00fcrlerin, ilkbaharda Akdeniz\u2019den Marmara Denizi yoluyla Karadeniz\u2019e anava\u015fa ad\u0131 verilen \u00fcreme g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, sonbaharda ise Karadeniz\u2019den Akdeniz\u2019e k\u0131\u015flama amac\u0131yla katava\u015fa denilen tersine g\u00f6\u00e7 yapt\u0131klar\u0131, t\u00fcm bu g\u00f6\u00e7 takviminin su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bununla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak besin bulunurlu\u011fu ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n
Marmara Denizi’nin y\u00fczey suyu s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l 0,05 derece artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun havza boyunca etkili oldu\u011fu saptan\u0131rken, \u0131s\u0131nan y\u00fczey suyu nedeniyle bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinin g\u00f6\u00e7 takviminin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde t\u00fcrlerin av sezonunun ba\u015flama ve biti\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fand\u0131. L\u00fcfer ve palamutta av ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 ortas\u0131ndan ekim ortas\u0131na sarkarken, hamside av ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 kas\u0131m ortas\u0131ndan ekim ortas\u0131na kayd\u0131. Av bitimi tarihlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise l\u00fcfer ve palamudun ocak ortas\u0131nda sona eren av sezonu aral\u0131k ortas\u0131na, hamsinin ise \u015fubattan ocak ortas\u0131na geriledi. \u00c7inekop av\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde ise bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda AA muhabirinin sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlayan Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Marmara Denizi’nin kapal\u0131 bir ekosistem oldu\u011funu ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k dinami\u011finin pelajik (deniz y\u00fczeyine yak\u0131n yerlerde ya\u015fayan) bal\u0131klar \u00fczerinden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. <\/p>\n Bal\u0131k t\u00fcrlerinin Karadeniz’e \u00fcreme g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc yapt\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada Marmara Denizi’nin bir\u00e7ok noktas\u0131nda avland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu denizdeki aktif bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 teknesi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3 bin 500 dolay\u0131nda oldu\u011funu bildiren Y\u0131ld\u0131z, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00f6ncelikle t\u00fcrlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine neden oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. <\/p>\n Y\u0131ld\u0131z, “Su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, t\u00fcrlerin \u00fcreme gibi biyolojik d\u00f6nemleri, ilk \u00fcreme boylar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir. S\u0131cakl\u0131lar\u0131n artmas\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin yumurtadan \u00e7\u0131kan ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde hayat\u0131na devam eden birey say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 etkiliyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 sular\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla bunlar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 zamanlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiyor ve av datas\u0131 bu de\u011fi\u015fimin g\u00f6stergesi oluyor.” dedi. <\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda denizdeki \u0131s\u0131nmaya ve karaya \u00e7\u0131kan av miktarlar\u0131na bakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fimi saptad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n “Bu de\u011fi\u015fim nedeniyle sabit bir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimi uygulaman\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyumlu olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi bir fenomen varken t\u00fcrlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m alanlar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 zamanlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiyorsa bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netiminin de de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz ve makale \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda da bu sonuca vard\u0131k.”<\/p>\n Y\u0131ld\u0131z, mevcut kurallarla devam edilmesi durumunda, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle durumun daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fece\u011fi, bal\u0131k miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n azalaca\u011f\u0131 ve bundan ilk bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n etkilenece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda baz\u0131 tavsiyeler \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktaran Y\u0131ld\u0131z, s\u00f6z konusu tavsiyeleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n “\u0130lk ad\u0131m olarak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimini adapte etmek i\u00e7in bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k sezonumuzun takvimini yeniden ayarlamal\u0131y\u0131z. Mevcut av yasaklar\u0131m\u0131z 45 g\u00fcn ileri al\u0131narak 15 Ekim’de ba\u015flamal\u0131. Hamsi fazla avlanmamal\u0131 ki palamut ve l\u00fcfer d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yiyecek bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olsun. B\u00f6ylece hamsi, palamut ve l\u00fcferi d\u00fczg\u00fcn y\u00f6netmi\u015f olal\u0131m. Tabii ki bununla bitmeyecek, ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok kurala daha dikkat etmemiz, kota koymam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bizim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze g\u00f6re hamsi kas\u0131m\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yenmez, bu t\u00fcketici alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da kullanarak av mevsimini ileri tarihe almam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Mevcuttaki av mevsiminde yakalanan hamsiler t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilmiyor ve bal\u0131k unu, bal\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131 fabrikalar\u0131na gidiyor.”<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/76bad36d-1411-48e8-a1ae-b65e58872c06\/02.05%2F20%2F7%2F20231121_2_61344923_95162413.jpg\"\/)
Foto\u011fraf:\u00a0G\u00fclseli Kenarl\u0131\/AA<\/em><\/p>\n“Av datas\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fimin g\u00f6stergesi”<\/h3>\n
“Hamsi fazla avlanmamal\u0131 ki palamut ve l\u00fcfer d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yiyecek bir t\u00fcr\u00fc olsun”<\/h3>\n