<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7evre Program\u0131 (UNEP), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Stockholm \u00c7evre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (SEI), Climate Analytics, E3G ve S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IISD) taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u00dcretim A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporunun bu y\u0131l d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u0131l 30 Kas\u0131m-12 Aral\u0131k tarihlerinde Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri’nin ev sahipli\u011finde Dubai’de d\u00fczenlenecek BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi 28. Taraflar Konferans\u0131 (COP28) \u00f6ncesi yay\u0131mlanan raporda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretimleri Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131’ndaki k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 1,5 dereceyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma hedefi<\/strong>ne uyumlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinden 30’un \u00fczerinde \u00fclkedeki \u00fcniversite, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma organizasyonlar\u0131ndan 80 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 rapora katk\u0131 sundu.<\/p>\n Fosil yak\u0131tlar<\/strong>dan kaynaklanan emisyonlar, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n h\u0131zla artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arken, \u00fclkeleri al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ko\u015fullar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Bu kapsamda bilim insanlar\u0131, Temmuz 2023’\u00fcn kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak ay oldu\u011funu tespit etti.<\/p>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90’\u0131 fosil yak\u0131tlardan kaynaklanan k\u00fcresel karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131, 2021-2022 d\u00f6neminde rekor seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Rapora g\u00f6re, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler 2030’da k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 1,5 dereceyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla tutarl\u0131 olan miktardan yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 110 daha fazla fosil yak\u0131t \u00fcretmeyi planlarken, bu \u00fcretim miktar\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 2 dereceyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tutarl\u0131 olan miktardan da y\u00fczde 69 daha fazla seviyede.<\/p>\n Y\u00fcksek fosil yak\u0131t \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik planlar, 151 \u00fclkenin net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedeflerine ve 2030’a kadar k\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve gaz talebinin zirveye ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu planlar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7mesi durumunda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretiminde 2030’a kadar ve petrol ile gaz \u00fcretiminde en az 2050’ye kadar artma, fosil yak\u0131t \u00fcretimi ve iklim hedefleri aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise daha da geni\u015fleme riski bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Karbon yakalama ve depolama projelerine y\u00f6nelik riskler ve belirsizlikler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, iklim hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclkelerin 2040’a kadar k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretimi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse tamamen sonland\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, toplam petrol ve gaz \u00fcretiminin de neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da 2050’ye kadar 2020 seviyesine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 75 azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyuluyor.<\/p>\n UNEP \u0130cra Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Inger Andersen, rapora ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmesinde, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin fosil yak\u0131tlardan \u00fcretimlerini art\u0131rma planlar\u0131n\u0131n net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon taahh\u00fctlerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gerekli enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve “insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelece\u011finin sorgulanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na” i\u015faret ederek, “Ekonomilerin temiz ve verimli enerji kaynaklar\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, enerji fakirli\u011fini sonland\u0131rman\u0131n ve ayn\u0131 zamanda emisyonlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmenin tek yolu. COP28’den ba\u015flamak \u00fczere, \u00fclkeler k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011fal gazdan y\u00f6netilebilir ve adil bir \u015fekilde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kma hedefinde birle\u015fmeli. B\u00f6ylece, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 hafifletebilir ve bu gezegendeki her insana da fayda sa\u011flayabilirler.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Raporun ba\u015f yazarlar\u0131ndan SEI’de g\u00f6revli bilim insan\u0131 Ploy Achakulwisut da h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin do\u011fal gaz\u0131 “ge\u00e7i\u015f yak\u0131t\u0131” olarak pazarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak daha sonras\u0131nda do\u011fal gaza y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ek bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm plan\u0131 sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n Achakulwisut, “Bilim, k\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve gaz \u00fcretimi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiden azaltmaya ba\u015flamam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bunu yaparken de temiz enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmal\u0131, t\u00fcm kaynaklardan metan emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeli ve di\u011fer iklim aksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 da almal\u0131y\u0131z ki k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 1,5 dereceyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma hedefini hayatta tutabilelim.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\nCOP28’de fosil yak\u0131tlardan “adil ve kademeli \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f” \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n