<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) ve K\u00fcresel \u00c7ocuk Felcini Yok Etme Giri\u015fiminin (GPEI) verilerine g\u00f6re, \u00e7ocuk felci, 5 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve \u00e7ocuk felci vir\u00fcs\u00fcnden (poliovir\u00fcs) kaynaklanan bir hastal\u0131k olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu vir\u00fcs, her 200 vaka aras\u0131nda bir ki\u015finin omurili\u011fine sirayet ederek d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan felce yol a\u00e7arken, fel\u00e7li hastalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 5 ila 10’u, solunum kaslar\u0131n\u0131n etkilenmesi nedeniyle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocuk felci vir\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ilk a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Jonas Salk’\u0131n do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc 24 Ekim, her y\u0131l “D\u00fcnya \u00c7ocuk Felci” g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc bulunan \u00e7ocuk felci vir\u00fcs\u00fc, insan v\u00fccudu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren etkin a\u015f\u0131lama kampanyalar\u0131 sayesinde bula\u015facak potansiyel ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnya genelinde vakalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131 olduk\u00e7a azald\u0131.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Meclisinin karar\u0131yla 1988’de GPEI kuruldu\u011funda, d\u00fcnya genelinde y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 bin \u00e7ocuk felci vakas\u0131 rapor edilirken, 2022’de bu say\u0131 28’e kadar geriledi.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ocuk felci vakalar\u0131nda son 35 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 99 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f kaydedildi.<\/p>\n
Afganistan ve Pakistan, \u00e7ocuk felci vakalar\u0131n\u0131n hala \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilemedi\u011fi 2 \u00fclke.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ocuk felci vakalar\u0131n\u0131n bildirildi\u011fi \u00fclkelerde a\u015f\u0131ya eri\u015fim son y\u0131llarda Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fanan siyasi krizler ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar nedeniyle zorla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Vakalar genellikle Afganistan’\u0131n do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi ve Pakistan’\u0131n Hayber-Pahtunhva eyaletinin g\u00fcneyiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklara ula\u015fmakta zorluklar ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fclkelerde hijyen, g\u00fcvenlik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerindeki sorunlar, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yok edilmesi ve \u00f6nlenmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131 engelliyor.<\/p>\n
Afganistan’da ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 2 \u00e7ocuk felci vakas\u0131 tespit edilirken, at\u0131k sularda ise 22 vir\u00fcse sahip \u00e7evresel numune raporland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Vakalar\u0131n Hayber-Pahtunhva eyaletindeki 3 il\u00e7ede yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pakistan’da ise ge\u00e7en y\u0131l 20 \u00e7ocuk felci vakas\u0131 ve 43 \u00e7evresel numune g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Afganistan’da y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana 6, Pakistan’da ise 3 \u00e7ocuk felci vakas\u0131 tespit edildi.<\/p>\n
Tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan beri var oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen \u00e7ocuk felci, 1840’ta Alman doktor Jakob Heine taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak bir hastal\u0131k kabul edildi. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen salg\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuk felcini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en korkulan hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri haline getirdi.<\/p>\n
20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde \u00e7ocuk felci vir\u00fcs\u00fc, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve her y\u0131l yar\u0131m milyondan fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7\u0131yor ya da onu fel\u00e7 ediyordu.<\/p>\n
Tedavisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in acil bir a\u015f\u0131ya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. 1950’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 ABD’li doktor Jonas Salk taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Salk, a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 1953’te kendisi ve ailesi \u00fczerinde, bir y\u0131l sonra da Kanada, Finlandiya ve ABD’de 1,6 milyon \u00e7ocuk \u00fczerinde test etti.<\/p>\n
Testlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 12 Nisan 1955’te a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131 ve Salk’\u0131n inaktif \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 (IPV) ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ruhsat ald\u0131. 1957’ye gelindi\u011finde y\u0131ll\u0131k vaka say\u0131s\u0131 58 binden 5 bin 600’e ve 1961’de ise 161’e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
A\u015f\u0131lama \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n evrensel ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunan Salk, IPV’yi \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in 6 ila\u00e7 \u015firketine lisans vererek form\u00fclasyon ya da \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin bilgisini payla\u015fmaktan kar elde etmedi.<\/p>\n
Salk, IPV’nin patentinin kime ait oldu\u011fu soruldu\u011funda, “\u0130nsanlar diyebilirim. Patent falan yok. G\u00fcne\u015fin patentini alabilir misiniz?” yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n