\n<\/p>\n
ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7e dengesi raporuna g\u00f6re, federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 2023 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda ge\u00e7en y\u0131la k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 23 artarak 1,7 trilyon dolara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkede federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 2022 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda 1,4 trilyon dolar olarak kaydedilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 2023 mali y\u0131l\u0131ndaki gelirleri ge\u00e7en y\u0131la k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 9,3 azalarak 4,4 trilyon dolara d\u00fc\u015ferken, harcamalar ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde y\u00fczde 2,2 azal\u0131\u015fla 6,1 trilyon dolara indi. Bu d\u00f6nemdeki b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle 2021 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi 2,8 trilyon dolarl\u0131k ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu yana kaydedilen en b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k oldu.<\/p>\n
ABD federal h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 2020 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle t\u00fcketicilere ve i\u015fletmelere yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisiyle 3,1 trilyon dolarl\u0131k rekor b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 vermi\u015fti. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden’\u0131n g\u00f6revdeki ilk iki y\u0131l\u0131nda Kovid-19 harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan arka arkaya ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerin ard\u0131ndan 2023 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda yeninden y\u00fckseli\u015f kaydedilmesi dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fta, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vergi tahsilat\u0131yla azalan gelirler ile artan faiz oranlar\u0131yla federal borcun faiz maliyetlerindeki y\u00fckseli\u015f ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik ile Medicare harcamalar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f etkili oldu.<\/p>\n
ABD Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “D\u00fc\u015fen gelirlerin 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu ve bu da Ba\u015fkan Biden’\u0131n vergi sisteminde reform yapmaya y\u00f6nelik yasala\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nerdi\u011fi politikalar\u0131n \u00f6nemini g\u00f6steriyor.” ifadeleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Biden y\u00f6netimi yetkilileri, 2017’de kapsaml\u0131 bir vergi indirimi paketini yasala\u015ft\u0131ran eski ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131 da artan a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorumlusu olarak g\u00f6sterdi. \u00d6te yandan, ABD Merkez Bankas\u0131’n\u0131n (Fed) y\u00fcksek enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak 2023 mali y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin net faiz \u00f6demeleri y\u00fczde 39 art\u0131\u015fla 659 milyar dolara y\u00fckselerek rekor kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Ekonomistler, \u00fclkenin borcunun 33 trilyon dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6zellikle faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcksek kalmas\u0131 durumunda, mevcut bor\u00e7lanma yolunun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez oldu\u011fu konusunda uyar\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler, Biden y\u00f6netiminin Kongre’den 61 milyar dolar\u0131 Ukrayna ve 14 milyar dolar\u0131 \u0130srail i\u00e7in olmak \u00fczere d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m ve g\u00fcvenlik harcamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 105 milyar dolarl\u0131k ek fon talebinde bulundu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde geldi.<\/p>\n
Artan b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin harcamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Biden’\u0131n ABD Kongresi’nde harcama kesintisi talep eden Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerle m\u00fccadelesini \u015fiddetlendirmesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin finansman yetersizli\u011fi nedeniyle “kapanmas\u0131n\u0131” \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 17 Kas\u0131m’a kadar Kongre’den ge\u00e7mesi gereken b\u00fct\u00e7e tasar\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi kaydediliyor. ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 2023 mali y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 sonunda Kongre’de h\u00fck\u00fcmete finansman sa\u011flayacak b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00fczerinde son dakikada anla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in “kapanman\u0131n” e\u015fi\u011fine gelmi\u015fti. B\u00fct\u00e7e m\u00fczakerelerinde Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7ede harcama kesintileri i\u00e7in bir koz olarak kullanmak istemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin 31,4 trilyon dolarl\u0131k bor\u00e7 limitine ula\u015farak temerr\u00fct riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131yla da g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti. Bor\u00e7 limitinin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fczakerelerde Temsilciler Meclisi’nde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu elinde bulunduran Cumhuriyet\u00e7iler yine \u00f6nemli harcama kesintilerinden yana tav\u0131r sergilemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
American Enterprise Institute (AEI) K\u0131demli Uzman\u0131 Desmond Lachman, AA muhabirine, “ABD’nin kamu maliyesi art\u0131k ger\u00e7ek bir endi\u015fe konusu.” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kadar y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedeninin 2020’de Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu durgunlu\u011fa yan\u0131t olarak kamu harcamalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eden Lachman, 1,9 trilyon dolarl\u0131k Amerikan Kurtarma Plan\u0131, Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131 ve Altyap\u0131 Yasas\u0131 ile kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Lachman, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n uzun vadeli Hazine tahvillerinin getirisinin 16 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek seviyesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ederek, “Bu, faiz \u00f6demelerinin b\u00fct\u00e7enin giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 ve gelecekte b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Desmond Lachman, “Bu y\u0131l b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n ana nedenleri, \u00f6zellikle ge\u00e7en y\u0131l borsadaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f nedeniyle elde edilen sermaye kazan\u00e7lar\u0131yla vergi tahsilatlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131, artan faiz \u00f6demeleri ve y\u00fcksek enflasyon nedeniyle artan sosyal g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6demeleri oldu.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Trump d\u00f6nemindeki vergi indirimlerinin b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere de de\u011finen Lachman, s\u00f6z konusu vergi indirimlerinin b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neden bu kadar y\u00fcksek kalmaya devam etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan ana fakt\u00f6r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n
Lachman, b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu uzun vadeli hazine tahvili getirilerini h\u0131zla y\u00fckselten tahvil yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini belirterek, “Bu, finansal sistemde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda resesyona yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 muhtemel ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara neden olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Washington bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar i\u015flevsizken, yak\u0131n zamanda b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u015fey yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemiyorum.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n