Y\u00fcksek \u0130htisas \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Dekan\u0131, \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Arzu Dursun, 24 Ekim D\u00fcnya \u00c7ocuk Felci G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla AA muhabirine, halk aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk felci, t\u0131pta poliomyelit olarak isimlendirilen hastal\u0131\u011fa, \u00f6zellikle 5 ya\u015f alt\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere her ya\u015f grubunu etkileyebilen, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir RNA vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn, bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fide felce ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7abildi\u011fine dikkati \u00e7eken Dursun, “Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bula\u015f yolu a\u011f\u0131zdand\u0131r ancak hastal\u0131k, nadiren de olsa \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, hap\u015f\u0131rma gibi etrafa sa\u00e7\u0131lan par\u00e7ac\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 da geli\u015febilmektedir.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Dursun, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapan bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin belirtisiz atlatabildi\u011fini, baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde de grip benzeri bulgular\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde ise hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n en korkulan \u015fekli olan fel\u00e7 veya \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn v\u00fccuda girdikten sonra ki\u015finin ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 vakadan birinde hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan mikroorganizman\u0131n omurili\u011fe yerle\u015febildi\u011fini ve kaslar\u0131n hareket ettirilmesini sa\u011flayan sinirleri tahrip ederek felce neden oldu\u011funu belirten Dursun, felcin kal\u0131c\u0131 ya da ge\u00e7ici olabildi\u011fini dile getirdi. Dursun, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n
“Kal\u0131c\u0131 etkiler oldu\u011funda ki\u015finin v\u00fccut hareketlerini engelleyerek giderek ilerliyor ve solunum kaslar\u0131n\u0131 tutarak \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7abiliyor. \u00d6zellikle 5 ya\u015f alt\u0131nda bu vir\u00fcs\u00fc kaparak hasta olan daha sonra iyile\u015fen \u00e7ocuklar, 15-40 y\u0131l sonra eri\u015fkin hayat\u0131nda da fel\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabiliyor.<\/p>\n
Vir\u00fcs bula\u015ft\u0131ktan ve v\u00fccutta \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131ktan sonra, ba\u015f, bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, s\u0131rtta kas\u0131lma, y\u00fcksek ate\u015f, bulant\u0131, kusma geli\u015febiliyor. Bu ilk belirtilerin ard\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra fel\u00e7 durumu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. Bacaklarda uyu\u015fukluk ve a\u011fr\u0131, his ve hareket kayb\u0131yla seyredebiliyor. Bu t\u00fcr belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, vakit kaybetmeden hastaneye ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131.”<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/uploads\/userFiles\/7e80dc7f-a011-4033-a881-3a6b5b580d82\/20231023_2_60841042_93971674.jpg\"\/)
<\/p>\n
“G\u00f6\u00e7ler, yo\u011fun seyahatler bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc”<\/h3>\n
Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya genelinde binlerce \u00e7ocukta fel\u00e7le kendini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini bildiren Dursun, 1953’te \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedildi\u011fini, 1955’te a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011funun kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
UNICEF ve DS\u00d6’n\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1988’de d\u00fcnya genelinde k\u00fcresel a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Dursun, \u015fu bilgileri verdi:<\/p>\n
“Hedef, bu vir\u00fcs\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadan silinmesiydi. Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir miydi, evet olabilirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu vir\u00fcs\u00fcn tek kayna\u011f\u0131 insan. O nedenle son \u00e7ocuk felci vir\u00fcs\u00fc vakas\u0131 kaybolana kadar k\u00fcresel olarak her \u00fclkede a\u015f\u0131lama yap\u0131lmal\u0131. A\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131 ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyada y\u0131lda 350 bin vaka g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu, a\u015f\u0131lama ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra bu say\u0131 \u00f6nce y\u0131ll\u0131k binli rakamlara ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise onlu rakamlara kadar azald\u0131.”<\/p>\n
Dursun, T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131nda \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir seviyede oldu\u011funu vurgulayarak, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
“T\u00fcrkiye, \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen \u00fclkeler i\u00e7inde. \u00dclkemizde ilk a\u015f\u0131lama 1963’te yap\u0131ld\u0131 ancak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda uygulanan k\u00fcresel a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131na 1989’da dahil olundu. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7ok etkin a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131 sayesinde, T\u00fcrkiye’de son vaka 1998’de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc ve o y\u0131ldan bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fclkemizde \u00e7ocuk felci g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. \u015eu anda T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ocuk felci vakas\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 silen d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131yor Bundan dolay\u0131 da d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. 2002’de T\u00fcrkiye’nin dahil oldu\u011fu bir Avrupa b\u00f6lgesi, DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuk felci a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan temiz b\u00f6lge ilan edildi.<\/p>\n
Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken \u015fey ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hem g\u00f6\u00e7ler hem de yo\u011fun seyahatler bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu vir\u00fcs s\u00fcrekli d\u00fcnyada dola\u015f\u0131yor. Risk ancak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kimsede vir\u00fcs\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesiyle ortadan kalkar. Bu da ancak k\u00fcresel a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde etkin uygulanmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.”<\/p>\n
Dursun, \u00e7ocuk felcinin \u015fu anda Afganistan ve Pakistan’da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde tekli vakalar halinde olsa da bu hastal\u0131\u011fa rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun risk fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0“\u00c7ocuk felcinin tedavisi yok, a\u015f\u0131lama, etkin olan tek korunma y\u00f6ntemi”<\/h3>\n
Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir tedavisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Dursun, “Bir tedavisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131lama olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli. A\u015f\u0131lama, etkin olan tek korunma y\u00f6ntemi.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Dursun, t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131ndan taviz verilmeden her do\u011fan \u00e7ocu\u011fun a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkati \u00e7ekerek, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n
“Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6neminde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada a\u015f\u0131lama programlar\u0131 aksayabildi. 2020’de 20 milyondan fazla \u00e7ocuk a\u015f\u0131lama hizmeti alamad\u0131 ve bunun i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 da mevcut. O nedenle a\u015f\u0131lama sisteminin yak\u0131n takibi ve uygulaman\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a kritik \u00f6neme sahip. A\u015f\u0131lamayla \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok oldu, bu \u00e7ocuk felci i\u00e7in de ba\u015far\u0131labilir. \u00dclkemizde, \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca uygulanan a\u015f\u0131lama program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00fccretsiz yap\u0131l\u0131yor. A\u015f\u0131, do\u011fumdan 2,4, 6. ve 18. aylarda tek doz olarak yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Tam doz a\u015f\u0131lama, ki\u015fiyi \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca koruyor.”<\/p>\n