Uluda\u011f \u00dcniversitesi Veteriner Fak\u00fcltesi Viroloji Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Kadir Ye\u015filba\u011f, T\u00fcrkiye’de \u015fap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen yeni tipi olan SAT-2 varyant\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tedirgin edici y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Ye\u015filba\u011f, AA muhabirine, \u015fap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de bilinen ve \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llardan beri g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n, gevi\u015f getiren \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131nda, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, koyun ve ke\u00e7ilerde her sene de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerde az veya \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten Ye\u015filba\u011f, T\u00fcrkiye’de bununla ilgili kontrol m\u00fccadele program\u0131 uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her sene Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca iki d\u00f6nem halinde a\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
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\u015eap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkilerine de\u011finen Ye\u015filba\u011f, “\u00d6zellikle s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda a\u011f\u0131r olmak \u00fczere a\u011f\u0131z bo\u015flu\u011funda lezyonlar, dil \u00fczerinde vezik\u00fcl dedi\u011fimiz i\u00e7i s\u0131v\u0131 dolu keseciklerin olu\u015fmas\u0131yla, ayaklarda yine benzer bulgular ve topall\u0131kla karakterize bir hastal\u0131k. Bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek, \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor fakat \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. As\u0131l \u00f6nemini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan konu ekonomik olarak \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plara sebep olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli etkiler do\u011furabilir ve kontrol tedbirleri kesinlikle elden b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Ye\u015filba\u011f, bu vir\u00fcs\u00fcn 7 farkl\u0131 serotipi bulundu\u011funu, bunlardan birinin SAT-2 oldu\u011funu aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu varyantlardan hi\u00e7birinin di\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131 yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini vurgulayan Ye\u015filba\u011f, \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:<\/p>\n
“Yani birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamayan vir\u00fcs tiplerinden bahsediyoruz. Bunun T\u00fcrkiye’de daha \u00f6nce bilinen 3 serotipi vard\u0131. Serotip O, Serotip A ve Serotip Asya-1 olan 3 serotip g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu zaten. \u015eimdi bu yeni bildirilen vakalarla 4’\u00fcnc\u00fc bir serotip yani SAT-2 serotipi T\u00fcrkiye’ye girmi\u015f oluyor. Esas\u0131nda bunu biz bekliyorduk. Yani T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelebilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011funu biliyorduk. \u00d6zellikle Afrika’da, Do\u011fu Afrika’da s\u00fcrekli bulunan bir vir\u00fcs tipi. Son d\u00f6nemlerde 2000’li y\u0131llardan itibaren Kuzey Afrika, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130srail gibi yine Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131’na ve sonras\u0131nda da Irak’a sirayet etti\u011fini biliyorduk. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’ye girmesi muhtemel vir\u00fcslerden biriydi.”<\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr farkl\u0131 vir\u00fcs tiplerinin \u00fclkeye girmesi halinde \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131labildi\u011fine i\u015faret eden Ye\u015filba\u011f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 y\u0131l Asya-1 serotipi \u00fclkeye girdi\u011finde benzer bir durumun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
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“\u015eap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 konvansiyonel a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z var”<\/h3>\n
Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 8 mihraktan bahsedildi\u011fine de\u011finen Ye\u015filba\u011f, “Yani hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen odak k\u00f6y olabilir, \u00e7iftlik olabilir, karantina alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumda.” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ye\u015filba\u011f, \u015fap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesin tedavisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekerek, \u015fu bilgileri verdi:<\/p>\n
“M\u00fccadele ve kontrol i\u00e7in yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z temel uygulamalar, hareketlili\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tlamakt\u0131r yani karantina uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla ilgili Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zannediyorum \u00e7ok kat\u0131 bir tedbiri \u015fu anda zaten devrede. 81 ilde hayvan pazar\u0131 kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve hayvan hareketleri k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir tedbir, a\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131r. \u015eap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 konvansiyonel a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z var. Bunlar \u00e7oklu a\u015f\u0131lar \u015feklinde uygulan\u0131yor. Biz ‘polivalan’ diyoruz buna yani birden fazla tipini i\u00e7eren a\u015f\u0131lard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de \u015fimdiye kadar trivalan a\u015f\u0131lar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteydi, kullan\u0131mdayd\u0131. O, A ve Asya-1 serotipleri uygulan\u0131yordu. Bu demektir ki bundan sonraki d\u00f6nemde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z a\u015f\u0131lara SAT-2 serotipini de eklememiz gerekiyor. Bunu ekledi\u011fimiz zaman tabii ki belli bir d\u00f6nem de gerekiyor T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lama i\u00e7in. Yine bu a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u0131p yeteri miktarda sahaya sunulabilmesi i\u00e7in belli bir d\u00f6neme de ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Bu d\u00f6nemi \u00e7ok kritik, \u00e7ok dikkatli y\u00f6netmemiz gerekiyor.”<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Kadir Ye\u015filba\u011f, SAT-2 varyant\u0131 \u00f6zelinde \u015fap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n insanlara ge\u00e7me ihtimali konusunda da de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu.<\/p>\n
\u015eu anda insanlar i\u00e7in tehlike bir durumdan bahsetmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Ye\u015filba\u011f, “\u015eap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvanlardan insanlara bula\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015f bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r ama bu \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir olas\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fildir. Yani \u015fap hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir zoonoz de\u011fildir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da vakalar bildirilmi\u015f ama bu bahsetti\u011fim 20-30 sene \u00f6nceki vakalard\u0131r. G\u00fcncel olarak insanlarda \u00f6nemli bir hastal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair veri yoktur. Bu konuda \u00e7ok dikkatli davran\u0131lmas\u0131, toplumda olumsuz noktalara gidecek birtak\u0131m fikir beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ince s\u00fczge\u00e7ten ge\u00e7irilerek ifade edilmesi laz\u0131m.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Ye\u015filba\u011f, T\u00fcrkiye’de her y\u0131l y\u00fczlerce mihrakta \u015fap vakas\u0131na rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu vir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7ok say\u0131da insanda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini ancak bunun ge\u00e7erli bir arg\u00fcman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n